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1、定语从句1.定语从句考点1、关系代词that–which;whose;which–as的用法比较;2、关系代词和关系副词的用法比较;3、介词加关系代词引导的定语从句;4、定语从句与并列句的区别。1、关系代词的用法比较问题1:1、Jimpassedthedrivingtest,______surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.(05浙江卷)A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it2、Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout______wewouldhavelostourway.(04北京春季)A.itB.that
2、C.thisD.whichA当先行词为物时,关系代词可以用that也可用which,但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which,不能用that。D但在下列情况中,只能用that,不用which:①当先行词是all,alot,(a)little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等词时。如:Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.InthisfactoryIsawlittle/muchthatwasdifferentfromours.②当先行词被all,any,no,muc
3、h,little,few,every等限定词所修饰时。如:Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.③当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如:Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake.④当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰,以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时,如:Isthatthebestthatyoucando?That’sthemostexp
4、ensivehotelthatwe’veeverstayedin.ThisnovelisthesecondbestonethatIhaveeverread.⑤当先行词被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等所修饰时。如:ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.⑥当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。如:TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.Shedescribedinhercom
5、positionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.⑦当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。如:Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?问题2:1)Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.(05天津卷)A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what2)GeorgeOrwell,______wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticaln
6、ovelsandessays.(04北京)A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealnameBD“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如题2),又能作宾语(如题1)。whose的先行词常用来指人(如题2),但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念(如题1),这时可以与ofwhich结构互换,词序是:“名词+ofwhich”。题1可变为:fromtheeffectsofwhich…问题3:1、_____isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproduction
7、plan.(04江苏)A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As2、Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_______wastrue.(01北京春季)A.heB.thisC.whichD.whoD非限制性定语从句一般采用which或as来引导。使用这两个词时要注意三点:(1)as引导的从句可以放在主句之前,而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。(2)从意义上讲,which指前面主句的内容;而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西,因此常译成“就象……那样、正如所……的”。(3)如果定语从句的内容对主句