中南大学 生物化学 考研课件 ch1 introduction

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1、BiochemistryForSpecialityofBiotechnologyorBioengineeringatCSUMr.XIAJinlanChapter1IntroductionWhatisBiochemistry?WhatarethemaincontentsofBiochemistry?---AnoverviewofBiochemistryInwhichwaydoesbiochemistrydevelop?WhydoyouneedtostudyBiochemistry?HowdoyoustudyBiochemistrywell?WhatisBiochemistry?

2、Biochemistry:研究对象：生命体内的各类物质的结构、功能和作用过程与机理，以及这些对象的研究方法Biochemistryisthestudyoflifeonamolecularlevel。Itseekstodescribethestructure,organization,andfunctionoflivingorganismsinmolecularterms1stparlance:“Metabolism+Evolution”第一种说法:“代谢+进化”Metabolism代谢Metabolismregulation代谢调控Metabolisminformation代

3、谢信息Commonevolution共同进化WhatarethemaincontentsofBiochemistry?2The2ndparlance第二种说法Conformational构像Structureandthree-dimensionalarrangementsofbiomoleculesMetabolism代谢EnergyproductionandutilizationInformational信息LanguageforcommunicationinsideandbetweencellsCellsBiochemicalreactionsOrganismsdepen

4、dence生物体间的依赖性Proteinsynthesis(Informationflow信息硫)Commonevolution共同进化（论）3.The3rdparlance（preferable)第三种说法（也许更可取）WhatarethemaincontentsofBiochemistry?---AnoverviewofBiochemistry(1)CellsWhatarethemaincontentsofBiochemistry?-----CellsCharacteristicsofCells细胞的特征AllorganismsarecomposedofcellsCe

5、llsarecomposedofsmallmolecules,macromoleculesandorganelles（细胞器）Macromoleculesconcealtheirhydrophobicparts大分子将其疏水部分掩盖起来Allorganismsarecomposedofcells所有的生物体是由细胞组成的Cell:PlasmamembraneCellwallCytoplasmCytosolOrganellesCytoskeleton(*inanimalandplantcells)Celltype:Prokaryote(nonucleus,lackmostoft

6、heothermembrane-boundedorganellesaswell)BacteriaEukaryote(withanucleus)Plants,fungi,animals原核生物真核生物CellsProkaryoteOutermembrane细胞外膜Periplasmicspace壁膜间隙Cellwall:细胞壁Plasmamembrane质膜Mesosome:间体Flagellum:鞭毛Cytosol:胞质溶胶Nucleoid:拟核DNA：脱氧腺苷酸CellsProkaryotes---unicellularOrganelles:EukaryoteNucleol

7、us:核仁Nucleus:核Secretoryvesicle分泌小泡Mitochondrion线粒体RoughendoplasmicReticulum粗面内质网Peroxisome:过氧化物酶体Lysosome:溶酶体Cilium:纤毛Golgiapparatus高尔基体Chloroplast:叶绿体Vacuole:液胞CellwallCellsEukaryotes---multicellularOrganelles:SummaryoforganellesandtheirfunctionCellsare