《女性生理》PPT课件

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1、Chapter2ThePhysiologyofFemaleReproductivesystemFacultyofNursing,Medicalcollege,Xi’anJiaotongUniversityWholelifeofwomen’sFetalperiodNeonatalperiodchildhoodpubertyoradolescencesexualmaturityperimenopausalperiodSenility一、女性一生各阶段的生理特点胎儿期（fetalperiod）卵子受精到出生266日，（末次月经算起280日）Thephysiol

2、ogicalcharacteristicsoffemaleindifferentstages一、女性一生各阶段的生理特点（一）新生儿期（neonatalperiod）出生4周内受胎盘及母体性腺女性激素的影响，可出现生理变化，在短期内自然消退。假月经、乳房肿大、泌乳Thephysiologicalcharacteristicsoffemaleindifferentstages（二）儿童期（childhood）出生4周到12岁810岁以前，体格持续发育，生殖器为幼稚型。10岁以后，体格继续发育，卵巢发育，出现女性性征。（三）青春期（puberty）(10岁~

3、19岁)从月经初潮到生殖器官逐渐发育成熟的时期。全身发育第一性征内外生殖器进一步发育第二性征发育(secondarysexualcharacteristics)月经来潮是青春期的重要标志青春期激素水平的变化（四）性成熟期（生育期）18岁开始，卵巢功能成熟并分泌性激素。（五）围绝经期可开始于40岁，历时10-20余年，分绝经前期，绝经和绝经后期。（六）老年期60岁以后。卵巢萎缩，分泌性激素功能完全停止。泌尿生殖器官萎缩骨质疏松症二、月经及月经期的临床表现月经的定义：指随卵巢的周期性变化，子宫内膜周期性脱落及出血。是生殖功能成熟的标志之一。Menstruat

4、ion:definedasuterinebleedinginaregular,recurringandpredictableoccursonceamonth.menstruationisestablishedatpuberty(aroundage13)andcontinuesuntilthetimeofmenopauseataroundage50.Thusawomanhasapproximately30～40yearsofreproductivefunction.月经及月经期的临床表现Menarche（月经初潮）Menarcheisthetermappl

5、iedtothefirstmenstruationperiodingirls.Itoccurstypicallyatage13to15yearsbutmayoccurasearlyasage11-12oraslateasage17-18andstillbewithinnormallimits.Themenstrualcycle（月经周期）Themenstrualcycleisarepetitiveexpressionoftheinteractionofthehypothalamic-pituitary-ovariansystemwithassociate

6、dstructuralandfunctionalchangesinthetargettissues-uterus,oviducts,endometrium,andvaginaofthereproductivetract.Eachcycleculminatesinmenstrualbleeding,thefirstdayofwhichisacceptedasaclinicalreferencepointmarkingthebeginningofmenstrualcycle.Thelengthofthecycleisnotoriouslyvariable,b

7、utanaveragefigureis28-30daysfromtheonsetofonemenstrualperiodtothestartofthenext.Bycommonusage,thedaysofthecycleareidentifiedbynumber,startingwiththefirstdayofmenstruation.Buteverywomanmayhasherownmenstrualperiodregularity.月经持续时间及出血量个体差异大，正常月经持续时间为2-7日，多数为3-6日，每月失血量超过80ml即为病理状态。月经

8、血的特征暗红色不凝固月经期的症状一般无特殊症状三、卵巢功能及其周期性变化卵巢是一