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《2014.12公开课虚拟语气》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、虚拟语气Subjunctive(虚拟语气)虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，是一种与事实相反的愿望。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。虚拟语气在条件从句中在条件从句中(If虚拟条件从句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况：表示与事实情况相反条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示与现在事实相反过去式(did)(be常用were)would/could/might/should+动词原形表示与过去事实相反过去完成式(had+donewould/could/might/should+ha
2、ve+过去分词表示与将来事实相反①过去式(did)②should+do③wereto+dowould/could/might/should+动词原形a.与现在事实相反的假设条件从句主句一般过去时（be用were）would/could/might+动词原形例如：如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.含义：Theyarenothere,sotheycan’thelpyou.b.与过去事实相反的假设条件从句主句过去完成时（had+过去分词）would/could/
3、might+have+过去分词如:如果他昨天来的话，我就把这件事告诉他了。Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Iwouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含义：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.c.表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想条件从句主句一般过去时would/could/might+动词原形were+to+动词原形should+动词原形例如：如果你成功了，一切都会好的。Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeall
4、right.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.含义：Youarenotlikelytosucceed,soeverythingwillbewhatitisnow.虚拟语气在混合条件句中的应用：有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。1.如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。Ifyouhadaske
5、dhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodotoday.(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。)2.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。Ifithadrainedlastnight（过去）,itwouldbeverycoldtoday.（现在）虚拟条件句的倒装：虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were,should,或had，可省if，再把were,should或had移到从句的句首，实行倒装.1.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.
6、=Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.2.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.3.如果下雨，庄稼就得救了。Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.在主语从句中的应用：在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,api
7、ty,natural,essential)that....”中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用:should+动词原形1.It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。2.It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。3.It’simportantthatyourinjuredhandnotbeexposedtothesun.重要的是受伤的手不要暴露于阳光下。在Itissuggested/decided/ordered/dema
8、nded…等后面的that从句中，谓语动词同样用(should)do1.It’sdemandedthatyou(should)tryyourbesttostudyhard.2.It’sadvisedthatwe(should)helphimoften.3.It’sdecidedthatthey(should)besentthere.4.It’sorderedthatwe(
