《公共部门职能》PPT课件

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1、公共部门职能一、参与资源配置二、协调收入分配三、促进经济稳定政府的经济职能市场经济运行中产生的无效率、不公平以及宏观经济失衡要求政府从多方面介入社会经济运行，从而政府在资源配置中的作用越来越大。ThePublicsectorthenstepsintothesesituationsofmarketfailureandfulfillsdifferentrolesinresponse:“…marketfailurecanrenderthebenchmarkmodelofperfectcompetitionunworkableintherealworld.Thesefailuresp

2、rovideprimafaciecase表面上证据确凿的案件forgovernmentintervention…”政府的经济职能在市场经济体制中，政府的具体经济职能一般被概括为三个方面：资源配置、收入分配和稳定经济。ThreeBroadFunctionsofGovernmentAllocativefunction:theallocativefunctionstemsfromthefactthatmarketfailuresdistorts扭曲theallocationofresourcesinaneconomy.(Someexamplesofmarketfailuresinc

3、lude–incompletemarkets,consumersofpurepublicgoodshaveastrongincentivenottorevealtheirdemand;consumersofmixedgoodswouldeithernotrevealtheirdemandforsuchgoodsorservicesorproducerswouldfinditimpossibletoenforcepaymentoftheprice;negativeandpositiveexternalitiescausedifficultiesandsodo“artificia

4、l”and“natural”monopolies).Governmentshavevariousinstruments(directandindirectinterventions)attheirdisposalforcorrectingtheallocativedistortionsresultingfromincompleteandnon-competitivemarkets.ThreeBroadFunctionsofGovernmentDistributivefunction:“Marketoutcomestendtoexhibitconsiderableinequal

5、ityinthedistributionofincome…nosocietyregardsthemarket-determineddistributionofincomeasfairorjust”.“Somecommentators评论员haveevensuggestedthataredistributionofincomecouldimprovethegeneralwell-beingofsociety,evenifitcarriedacostintermsoflowerlevelsofproductivityorslowereconomicgrowth.Inpractic

6、e,however,thereisaconsiderabledisagreementabouttheappropriatecriteria标准forevaluatingthedistributivefunctionofgovernment–whichremainsakeyaspectofitsroleinamoderncapitalisteconomy”.ThreeBroadFunctionsofGovernmentStabilizationfunction:Stabilizationfunctionofgovernmentreferstoitsmacroeconomicob

7、jectives,whichincludeanacceptablerateofeconomicgrowth,fullemployment,pricestabilityandasoundbalanceofpayments.Inthisarena舞台governmentshavetotakecorrectiveactionintermsofmonetaryandfiscalpolicies–macroeconomicissue.“Thenotionthatgovernmentshaveanimportant