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1、ChapteroneIntroduction 1.1WhatIsLexicology? Lexicologyisabranchoflinguisticsdealingwiththevocabularyofalanguageandthepropertiesofwordsasthemainunitsoflanguage.Lexi-meaning'word,phrase',hencelexicons-'havingtodowithwords',and-logoswhichdenotes'adepartmentof knowledge'.T
2、hus,theliteralmeaningoflexicologyisthe'scienceoftheword'. 1.2ItsRelationtoOtherDisciplines Englishlexicologyitselfisasubbranchoflinguistics.Butitembracesotheracademicdisciplines,suchasgenerallinguistics,morphology,semantics,etymology,stylistics,phonetics,lexicographyan
3、dhistoryofthepeople.Eachofthemhasbeenestablishedasadisciplineinitsownright. 1.3TheTheoreticalBasisfortheInvestigationofModernEnglishLexicology Toinvestigateanylinguisticproblemandtostudyanyparticularlanguagewithoutacorrecttheoreticalbasis,theresultisbynomeanssuccessful
4、. 1.3.1TheTheoreticalBasis:DialecticalMaterialismandHistoricalMaterialism Thistheoreticalbasisexplainswithremarkableclarityandprecisiontheessentialnatureoflanguageasasocialphenomenon,itsrelationtothoughtandfundamentallawsofitsdevelopment. 1.3.2SomeFundamentalIdeastoBe
5、ClarifiedattheOutset (1)Thevocabularyofanylanguageneverremainsstable. (2)Thewordistheprincipalandbasicunitofthelanguage. (3)Thewordisatwo-facetunitpossessingbothformandcontent. (4)Structurallywordsareinseparablelexicalunitstakingshapeinadefinitesystemofgrammaticalformsa
6、ndsyntacticcharacteristics. (5)Twoprincipalapproachestolinguisticinvestigation:thesynchronicapproachandthediachronicapproach 1.4TheAimsandSignificanceoftheCourseofModernEnglishLexicology ModernEnglishLexicologyaimsatgivingasystematicdescriptionoftheword-stockofModernEn
7、glish.Itinvestigatestheproblemofword-structureandword-formationinModernEnglish,thesemanticstructureofEnglishwordsandtheirchangeinmeaning,themainprinciplesoftheclassificationoftheEnglishvocabularyunitsintovariousgroupingsandthelawsgoverningthereplenishmentoftheEnglishvoc
8、abulary.Italsostudiestherelationsexistingbetweenvariouslayersofvocabulary,andthelawsandregulationsthatgovernit