Lexical词汇学讲义

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1、LexicologyStudyofwords:etymologyofwords,wordformation,idioms,morphologicalstructureofwords,degenerationofwordsandelevationofwords,senserelationofwords,etcPurposesoftheCourse-learnsomeknowledgeoflexicology-enlargevocabularyHowtoAssess10%wordtest10%classperformance80%

2、finalI.AGeneralSurveyofEnglishVocabularyWhat’saword?Definitionofaword:Aristotle:awordisthesmallestsignificantunitofspeech(Morphemeisthesmallest).Bloomfield:awordisaminimumfreeform.Happy(freeform)ment(boundform粘着)Awordisacombinationofform(phonological)andmeaning(lexi

3、calandgrammatical).wordInaddition,awordactsasastructuralunitofasentence.Theyoungmanleft—grammatical,lexical,phonologicalmeaningThedevelopmentofEnglishVocabularyHistoryofEnglishVocabulary:Before450:Celtic&Latin(caster,Manchester,Lancaster)After450AD:EnglishLanguagebe

4、ginswiththeconquestandsettlementbytheAngles,SaxonsandtheJutes—Anglo-Saxon(basicEnglish)Anglo-SaxonNativeEnglishfromAnglo-Saxon:handfootarmeyeearchinheartbone--bodylandmead蜂蜜酒meadowfieldford浅河处earthwoodhedge树篱hill—everydaylifebower凉亭yardstoolfloor—everydayusesunmoond

5、aymonthyear—seasonbeech榉oakashelm榆树horsemaresheeplambdeerswine猪hendogbearAdj.verbsAdj:blackwhitehighdeepwidebroadnarrowlongsmallfreshsoundswiftgoodwisemerrygreedybusydarklightgladsorrymanyfewlittlemucholdyoungnewbittersweetVerbs:driveabide遵守，忍受biterideriseshinechoos

6、ebowbrewbloat臃肿flylieshoothavebindclimbdrinkfindsinksingspringswimwinhelpmeltswellmilkyieldfightcarvestarveburstbearstealtearshear剪羊毛verbscomeseebreakspeaktread践踏weaveeatsitfare做shakeheave举起wakewakenwade涉水washshapestepstandswearletdreadsleepholdbeatblowknowmowgrowcr

7、ow鸡鸣weepfoldfallwield挥舞hew砍leapsetanswerknitlayleadgreetdealdeemfeedhearhealleaverearfillsendspendmeetkissdwellsellstretchbuybringthinkseekloveearnebbendfollowgatherlearnlooksailwoundlivesayshallmaywilldogobeMiddleEnglish(1100-1500)influencedbyFrenchfollowingNormanC

8、onquest10000FrenchwordscameintoEnglishduringtheruleofNormanConquestand75%ofthesewordsarestillinusetoday.MostEnglishgovernmentandmanagement