如何写毕业论文how to do academic research

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1、Howtodoacademicresearch?如何写毕业论文毕业论文的撰写及答辩考核是取得高等教育考试本科毕业文凭的重要环节之一，也是衡量毕业生是否达到全日制普通高校相同层次相同专业的学力水平的重要依据之一。首先我们应该明白什么whatisresearchandaresearchpaperisabout?1.Whatisresearch?---asystematicinquiryconsistingofthreeelementsorcomponents:1)aquestion,problem,orhypothesis;2)data3)analysisand

2、interpretationofdata(Nunan2002[1992]:3)1.1Goalsoflinguisticresearchandappliedlinguisticresearch1)Linguistics:thestudyofthenatureoflanguage;researchesaredoneonlanguagesystemsinsteadofindividualhumanlanguagebehavior2)Appliedlinguistics:thestudyoftheusesthatmanmakesoflanguageandthepro

3、blemsheencountersindoingso,aproblem-solvingdiscipline.(researchesdoneonlanguageusesinclassroom,workplace,thelaw-court,orthelab.)3)TEFL/TESL:asub-areaofAL,thestudyoflearningEnglishasaforeignorsecondlanguage(Knowledgeofthenatureoflanguage;knowledgeoflanguageuse;knowledgeoflanguagelea

4、rning;knowledgeoflanguages)Whenweunderstandthegoalsoflinguisticresearch,andunderstandresearchbytype,thenwecandecidewhatkindofresearchwewantandwecando.1.2Researchbytype1)Theoreticalandapplied(purpose)2)Deductiveandinductive(procedure)Deductive:theory—hypothesis—observation—confirmat

5、ionInductive:Observation—pattern—hypothesis---theory3)Theoreticalandempirical(method)4)QualitativeandQuantitative(data)Qualitative:Researchersdonotsetouttotesthypotheses,buttoobservewhatispresentwiththeirfocus,andconsequentlythedata,freetovaryduringtheprocessofobservation.(subjecti

6、vity)Quantitative:experimentdesignedtotestahypothesisthroughtheuseofobjectiveinstrumentsandappropriatestatisticalanalyses.(objectivity)5)Primaryandsecondary(sourceofinformation)Primary:empiricalresearch(survey,questionnaire,getthedatabyoneself)Secondary:libraryresearchordocumentary

7、research,oftenwiththeaimofsurveyingexistingresearchonachosentopic.6)Actionresearch:asmall-scaleinterventioninthefunctioningoftherealworldandacloseexaminationoftheeffectsofsuchanintervention.1.3论文的基本格式：一般毕业论文由标题、摘要、正文、参考文献等4方面内容构成。首先介绍论文正文的基本格式：theformatofaresearchpaper5Chapter1:Int

8、roductionWhatistheproblem?