IBT分类词汇基础

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1、地质学GEOLOGYgeology地质学geologist地质学家crust地壳mantle地幔core地核continentalcrust大陆地壳oceaniccrust海洋地壳layer(stratum,复数strata)地层plate板块fault断层faultplane断层面faultzone断层带rift(crack;split)断裂disintegration(decomposition)分解erosion腐蚀fossil化石igneousrock火成岩sedimentaryrock沉积岩metamorphicrock变质岩quartz石英limest

2、one石灰岩，石灰石marble大理石granite花岗岩lithogenous造岩的，岩成的lithosphere岩石圈magma岩浆mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床platinum白金，铂silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞，水银sodium钠gem宝石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch(age,period)冰川期glacialdrift冰渍iceberg冰山volcano火山activevolc

3、ano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山eruption火山喷发crater火山口，（月球上的）环形山lava火山岩浆volcanic火山的volcanicdust火山尘volcanicash火山灰earthquake(quake;seism;tremor)地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismicwave地震波cataclysm灾变（如洪水、地震等）地理学GEOGRAPHYgeographer地理学家hemisphere半球meridian子午线，经线parallel平行圈，纬

4、线latitude纬度longitude经度elevation海拔altitude高度temperatelatitudes温带地区horizon地平线equator赤道tropics热带地区Arctic北极Antarctic(Antarctica)南极expedition探险timezone时区topography地形，地形学plain平原plateau(highland)高地，高原lowland低地basin盆地cavern(cave)大洞穴terrain地域，地形subterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地区island岛屿

5、continentalisland陆边岛volcanicisland火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛continent大陆continentalshelf大陆架ranges山脉valley峡谷canyon峡谷channel(strait)海峡remotesensing遥感的terrestrial地球的，陆地的terrestrialheat(geothermal)地热terrestrialmagnetism(geomagnetism)地磁continentaldrift大陆漂移学说sea-floorspreading海床扩展e

6、vaporation蒸发salinity含盐度oceanbottom海床sediment沉淀物，沉积物tropical热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的formation形成frostheaving冻胀现象fieldstone卵石生物学与相关学科BIOLOGY植物PLANTbotany植物学botanist植物学家botanical(botanic)植物的plant植物aquaticplant水生植物parasiteplant寄生植物root根canopy树冠层，顶棚foliage(leaf)叶leaflet小叶rosette莲座型叶丛（一种丛生叶簇

7、）stem茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shoot(sprout)嫩芽，抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel(skin)果皮shell（硬）果壳husk（干）果壳；（玉米）苞叶trunk树干branch树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝bark树皮jungle丛林lawn草坪meadow草地，牧场prairie大草原shrub(bush)灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用symbiosis共生wither(shrivel,fade)凋谢pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉p

8、ollin