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1、http://www.paper.edu.cnApplicationofsurfactantsinsupercriticalcarbondioxideWangFei,ZouLizhuang,WuQicai,ChenZhengzhong,GuoYixin,ZhuShuquanSchoolofChemicalandEnvironmentalEngineering,ChinaUniversityofMiningandTechnology(Beijing),Beijing,100083,ChinaAbstractLiquidorsupercritical
2、carbondioxide(sc-CO2)hasattractedmuchinterestasenvironmentallybenignalternativeforconventionalorganicsolvents.However,lowsolubilityincarbondioxide,especiallypolarcompounds,isalimitationtothewidepracticalapplicationofsc-CO2.Thesesolubilityproblemshavebeenovercomebyemployingsom
3、especialisedCO2-solublesurfactantstoformreversemicellesorwater-in-CO2(w/c)microemulsions,whichcouldacceleratethedevelopmentofabroadrangeofCO2-basedprocesses.Keywords:Supercriticalcarbondioxide,Microemulsions,Surfactants1.IntroductionInrecentyears,sc-CO2hasreceivedmoreandmores
4、ignificantattentionasalternativeforconventionalorganicsolvents.Moststudieshavegoneonwiththeaidofsupercriticalcarbondioxidebecauseitisenvironmentallysound,inexpensive,nontoxic,ononflammable,recycledandhasaconvenientcriticalpoint(TC=31.1C,PC=7.38MPa).Furthermore,somepropertieso
5、fsupercriticalcarbondioxidesuchasdensity,diffusioncoefficient,viscosityandsolubilityparametercanbeadjustedcontinuouslywiththehelpofalteringpressureandtemperature,especiallyinthenear-criticalregion.Therefore,supercriticalcarbondioxidehasbeenwidelyinvestigatedtoimprovesc-CO2-ba
6、sedprocesses,suchasextraction,chemicalreactions,materialprocessing[1-7],dyeing[8-13],supercriticalfluidchromatography[14-22],dry-cleaning[23,24]etc.BecauseCO2isnon-polarandhasweakvanderwaalsforces,mostlipophilicandhydrophilicmacromolecules,suchasaminoacids,proteinsandmanycata
7、lysts,areofteninsolubleinsc-CO2.Obviously,itisalimitationfortheapplicationofsupercriticalcarbondioxide.Atpresent,themosteffectiveapproachtoovercomethisdisadvantageistousesuitablesurfactantstoproducewater-in-CO2microemulsionsorreversemicelles.ConsaniandSmith[25]testedthesolubi
8、lityofover130commerciallyoavailablesurfactantsinsc-CO2at50Cand10-50M
