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1、运动疗法KinesiotherapyP106掌握理论0.5学时运动疗法的基本概念、疗法特点、应用原则及它在康复中的作用。WhatisKinesiotherapy?运动疗法是根据伤病的特点,采取体育运动的手段或机体功能练习的方法,以达到伤病的预防、治疗及康复的目的。Kinesiotherapyutilizeskinesiology,thescienceofhumanmovement,todesignandimplementtherapeuticexerciseprogramsforindividuals withmusc
2、uloskeletalinjuriesand/orneuromusculardisorders.运动疗法kinesitherapy/exerciseeffects作用:topreventandimprovethedisableorhandicap预防和治疗功能障碍1.提高中枢神经系统和植物神经系统的调节(regulate)能力2.提高代谢(metabolism)能力,改善心肺功能3.维持和恢复运动器官的shape和function4.促进compensationmechanism(代偿机制)的formation(形成)
3、和发展Kinesiotherapyisdefinedastheapplicationofscientificallybasedexerciseprinciplesadaptedtoenhancethestrength,endurance,andmobilityofindividualswithfunctionallimitationsorthoserequiringextendedphysicalconditioning.运动治疗therapeuticexercise运动治疗技术:关节活动技术jointmotion软组
4、织牵伸技术stretching肌力训练技术musclepowertrainingNeurodevelopmenttreatment,NDT神经发育疗法Rood、Bobath、Brunnstrom、PNF。motorrelearningprogram,MRP运动再学习Constraint-inducedmovementtherapy,CIMT强制性使用运动疗法运动疗法exercise关节活动技术被动活动(passiveactivity):手法、器械CPM、牵引助力运动(assistiveexercise):器械练习、悬吊
5、练习、滑轮练习主动运动(activeexercise):体操注意:全范围、各方向运动疗法kinesiotherapyexercise软组织牵伸技术stretching拉长挛缩或缩短软组织的治疗方法。增加伸展性、降低肌张力、增加关节活动范围手法牵伸自我牵伸器械辅助下牵伸要点:时间、放松临床应用:颈腰痛、外伤后腰背肌的牵伸、膝后肌及跟腱的牵伸、运动前预备活动Stretching —Stretchingandflexibilityexercisesshouldincludeeverymajorjoint(hip,back,s
6、houlder,knee,uppertrunk,neck).Itisbestnottostretch"cold"muscles,soengageinafewminutesoflowintensityaerobicexercisefirst.Movementintoastretchshouldbeslow,andthestretchitselfshouldbeheldforapproximately10to30seconds.Donotbouncewhilebeginningorperformingastretch.Ea
7、chexerciseshouldbeperformedseveraltimes.Stretchandyogaclassesarealsoagoodwaytoremainflexible.Thestretchshouldnotcausepain,butonlymilddiscomfort.运动疗法kinesiotherapyexercise2.肌力训练技术方法:肌肉收缩方式----等长isometric、等张isotonic是否施加阻力-----抗阻(resistivetraining)等张(concentric/ecc
8、entric)等长isometric等速(isokineticexercise)------非抗阻肌力大小选择方法0-1级:神经肌肉电刺激1-2级:助力运动3级:主动运动4级:主动,抗阻ResistancetrainingResistancetrainingcanbedonewithweights,machines,orexerc