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1、AppreciationAuthorintroduction威廉·巴特勒·叶芝(WilliamBulterYeats,1865-1939)爱尔兰著名诗人、剧作家和散文家,一生创作丰富,备受敬仰。1923年度诺贝尔文学奖得主,获奖的理由是“用鼓舞人心的诗篇,以高度的艺术形式表达了整个民族的精神风貌。其诗吸收浪漫主义、唯美主义、神秘主义、象征主义和玄学诗的精华,几经变革,最终熔炼出独特的风格。其艺术被视为英语诗从传统到现代过渡的缩影。艾略特曾誉之为“二十世纪最伟大的英语诗人”。叶芝早年的创作具有浪漫主义的华丽风格,善于营造梦幻般
2、的氛围,例如他在1893年出版的散文集《凯尔特曙光》,便属于此风格。进入不惑之年后,在现代主义诗人伊兹拉·庞德等人的影响下,尤其是在其本人参与爱尔兰民族主义政治运动的切身经验的影响下,叶芝的创作风格发生了比较激烈的变化,更加趋近现代主义了。WhenYouAreOld——WilliamButlerYeats(Ireland)Thispoemwaswrittenin1893anddedicatedtoMaudGonne,thewomanwhomhehadlovedforallofhislife.Whenyouareoldandg
3、reyandfullofsleep,Andnoddingbythefire,takedownthisbook.Andslowlyread,anddreamofthesoftlook,Youreyeshadonce,andoftheirshadowdeep.Howmanylovedyourmomentsofgladgrace,Andloveyourbeautywithlovefalseortrue.Butonemanlovethepilgrimsoulinyou,Andlovedthesorrowofyourchangingf
4、ace.Andbendingdownbesidetheglowingbars,Murmur,alittlesadly,howlovefledAndpaleduponthemountainsoverhead,Andhidhisfaceamidacrowdofstars.Rhymeabbacddceffe当你老了(冰心译)当你老了,头发花白,睡意沉沉,倦坐在炉边,取下这本书来,慢慢读着,追梦当年的眼神,那柔美的神采与深幽的晕影。多少人爱过你青春的片影,爱过你的美貌,以虚伪或是真情,惟独一人爱你那朝圣者的心,爱你哀戚的脸上岁月的留
5、痕。在炉栅边,你弯下了腰,低语着,带着浅浅的伤感,爱情是怎样逝去,又怎样步上群山,怎样在繁星之间藏住了脸。TechniquesofexpressionandemotionImaginationApicturewhichseemedtobeoldandclumsyMeanwhile,thepictureiswarmandfragrantContrastcontrastbetweenanattractiveyounggirlandanoldladyContrastbetweenotherpeople’sloveandhisCon
6、trastbetweenrealityandimaginationEmphasisTherepetitionoffireFireissowarm,butthepoetfeltdespairforhislove.Useofsymbols“fire”symbolized“warm”.“mountain”symbolized“tough,sublimation”“stars”symbolized“forever”WhenIfirstreadthispoem,IfeltthatIwanttocry.Thepoethaddeclare
7、dloveforMaudGonnemanytimes,buthehadnevergetherresponse.SoYeatscouldjustimaginemanyyearslater,whenthewomanreadthispoembychance,shecouldrealizethatheistheonewhowouldloveherforever.TragicbeautyTheend