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1、ElizabethFryElizabethFryElizabethFry(néeGurney;21May1780–12October1845)wasanEnglishprisonreformer,socialreformerand,asaQuaker,aChristianphilanthropist.Frywasamajordrivingforcebehindnewlegislationtomakethetreatmentofprisonersmorehumane,andshewassupportedinhereffortsbythereig
2、ningmonarch.Since2002,shehasbeendepictedontheBankofEngland£5note.BirthandfamilybackgroundElizabethGurneywasborninGurneyCourt,offMagdalenStreet,Norwich,Norfolk,EnglandtoaQuakerfamily.HerfamilyhomeasachildwasEarlhamHall,whichisnowpartoftheUniversityofEastAnglia.Herfather,Jose
3、phGurney,wasapartnerinGurney'sbank.Hermother,Catherine,wasapartoftheBarclayfamily,whowereamongthefoundersofBarclaysBank.HermotherdiedwhenElizabethwasonlytwelveyearsold.Asoneoftheoldestgirlsinthefamily,Elizabethwaspartlyresponsibleforthecareandtrainingoftheyoungerchildren,in
4、cludingherbrotherJosephJohnGurney.AwakeningofsocialconcernAt18yearsold,theyoungElizabethGurneywasdeeplymovedbythepreachingofWilliamSavery,anAmericanQuaker.Motivatedbyhiswords,shetookaninterestinthepoor,thesick,andtheprisoners.Shecollectedoldclothesforthepoor,visitedthosewho
5、weresickinherneighbourhood,andstartedaSundayschoolinthesummerhousetoteachchildrentoread.ShemetJosephFry(1777–1861),abankerandalsoaQuaker,whenshewastwentyyearsold.Theymarriedon19August1800attheNorwichGoatLaneFriendsMeetingHouseandmovedtoSt.Mildred'sCourtintheCityofLondon.The
6、yhadelevenchildreninallbornbetween1801and1822,includingKatherineFry(1801-1886),whowroteaHistoryoftheParishesofEastandWestHam(1888).ElizabethFrywasrecordedasaMinisteroftheReligiousSocietyofFriendsin1811.JosephandElizabethFrylivedinPlashetHouseinEastHambetween1809and1829,then
7、movedtoUptonLaneinForestGate.Oneoftheirdaughters,calledBetsy,diedattheageoffive.Fry'sprisonworkElizabethFryPromptedbyafamilyfriend,StephenGrellet,FryvisitedNewgateprison.Theconditionsshesawtherehorrifiedher.Thewomen'ssectionwasovercrowdedwithwomenandchildren,someofwhomhadno
8、tevenreceivedatrial.Theydidtheirowncookingandwashinginthesmallcellsinwhichtheyslep
