【中考题型全接触】精讲精练：中考题型一　单项选择

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中考题型一　单项选择§1.基础语法(一)名词近两年河北及全国对名词的测试，重点考查名词的词义辨析和语义识别。名词所有格形式一直是中考热点。名词在中考中所占分数不多，一般为2—4分，占全卷分数的2%左右，题型多为填空题、选择题。随着“淡化语法，注重语言运用和交际”这个理念被广泛认同，预计2015年中考对名词的考查仍会呈上升趋势。2011—2014年河北中考试题分析表名词年份题号题型分值201130，52，82单项选择，完形填空，词语运用3201230，53，55，85单项选择，完形填空，词语运用4201329，49，50，51单项选择，完形填空，词语应用4201430，50，55，81单项选择，完形填空，词语应用4可数名词不可数名词分单、复数两种形式desk→desks；bus→buses没有复数形式tea；meat前面可用基数词、不定冠词修饰threeboys；anorange不可以被基数词或不定冠词直接修饰，若表示数量可用“单位词＋不可数名词”apieceofpaper；twocupsoftea可数名词的复数前可用many，some，any修饰manyteachers；somefriends可用much，some，any修饰muchbread；somemilk 【特例清单】有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同。如：work(工作)—awork(著作)glass(玻璃)—aglass(玻璃杯)paper(纸)—apaper(报纸；文件；试卷)wood(木头)—awood(小树林)room(空间)—aroom(房间)chicken(鸡肉)—achicken(小鸡)fish(鱼肉)—fishes(各种各样的鱼)orange(橘子汁)—anorange(橘子)【经典再现】1．Thestudentdidn'tfindmuch__C__aboutthetopiconthatwebsite.(2014，河北邢台市一模)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．reportB．articleC．informationD．story2．IfyougotovisitLondon，don'tforgetyour__D__becauseitrainsalot.(2014，唐山路南区一模)A．passportB．moneyC．mapD．umbrella3．—CanIhelpyou，sir?—I'dliketohave100__B__．Iwantmystudentstodrawpictures.(2014，河北初中毕业升学模拟二)A．pieceofpaperB．piecesofpaperC．piecesofpapersD．piecespaper4．—Couldyoupleasemoveoveralittleandmakesome__C__forme?—Sure，please.(2014，滦南县一模)A．placeB．seatC．roomD．ground5．Theoldmancan'thearuswellbecausethere'ssomethingwrongwithhis__A__．(2014，淮安)A．earsB．noseC．mouthD．eyes6．Theboydidn'tsleepwelllastnightbecauseofthe__B__fromthefactory.(2014，平凉)A．voiceB．noiseC．musicD．song7．—Couldyoutellmesomethingabouttheboywhohelpedyoujustnow？(2014，秦皇岛二模)—Sorry，Iknownothingabouthim.Weare__D__．A．friendsB．neighborsC．classmatesD．strangers8．—Howmany__C__wouldyoulike?—Two，please.Ihaveafriendhere.(2014，河北预测卷(二))A．cupofteaB．cupofteasC．cupsofteaD．cupsofteas 9．LeeisnewinChina，a__D__willbehelpfulforhistour.(2014，保定市毕业考试)A．notebookB.ticketC．watchD．map10．—Oh,anicephoto!Isthisyouruncle'schild?—Yes,itismy__D__．(2014，陕西)A．sisterB．brotherC．daughterD．cousin情况构成方法例词一般情况加scap→caps；dog→dogs；driver→drivers以字母s，sh，ch，x等结尾加esbus→buses；wish→wishes；watch→watches；box→boxes以辅音字母＋y结尾变y为i再加eslady→ladies；family→families；story→stories以f或fe结尾变f/fe为v，再加esleaf→leaves；life→lives；knife→knives以o结尾o前为辅音音素加es；o前为元音音素加stomato→tomatoes；hero→heroes；radio→radios；zoo→zoos；photo→photos；piano→pianos复合名词将后一个词变为复数toothbrush→toothbrushes两部分都变复数mandoctor→mendoctors特殊名词改变内部元音foot→feet；tooth→teeth；man→men；mouse→mice词尾加renchild→children单复数同形Chinese→Chinese；sheep→sheep；deer→deer【特例清单】1．“数词＋名词＋形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词须用单数形式。如：atenstoryhighbuilding一幢10层高的楼房a100meterrace一场百米赛跑2．以s结尾的名词，有的作单数使用，有的作复数使用。(1)以s结尾的学科类名词，一般是不可数名词。如：maths，physics，politics等。(2)表示由两部分构成的物体的名词，形式上可数，若表达具体数目时，要借助数量词pair来表示，其单复数形式取决于pair的单复数形式。如：apairoftrousers。(3)以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名词，看作单数名词。如：theNewYorkTimes(《纽约时报》)；theArabianNights(《一千零一夜》)。(4)以s结尾的表示国家、组织或公司名称的专有名词，通常被看做单数。如：theUnitedStates(美利坚合众国)；theUnitedNations(联合国)。(5)以s结尾的表示群岛、山脉、瀑布等自然景观的专有名词，通常被看做复数。如：theOlympicGames(奥林匹克运动会)。 【经典在现】11．LittleMike'smotherwasproudofhimbecausehedrewplentyof__D__andoneofthemwonthetopprizelastyear.(2014，哈尔滨)A．paintB．paintingC．paintingesD．paintings12．—Wouldyoulikesome__C__？—Oh，yes，justalittle.(2014，张家口市一模)A．pearsB．orangesC．milkD．grape13．Livinginthecityhasmany__A__suchasgoodschools，bigshoppingcentresandsoon.(2014，河北预测卷一)A．advantagesB．activitiesC．difficultiesD．communication14．ThestudentsofGrade7visitedMike'sfarmandsawmany__C__there.(2014，河北预测卷二)A．birdB．duckC．sheepD．rabbit15．—WeknowthatAfricanwildelephantsarein__D__now.(2014，河北预测卷七)—Sowemusttakeactionstoprotectthem.A．safetyB．mysteryC．secretD．danger16．—Lily,let'smakevegetablesalad.—Howmany__A__doweneed？(2014，贵阳)A．tomatoesB．orangesC．potatoD．tomatos17．Couldyouteachmehowtousethese__B__tocutthefood，Uncle？(2013，唐山路北区二模)A．glassB．knivesC．pensD．fruit18．Nowpeoplepaymoreattentiontothesafetyof__A__.Everyonewantstoeathealthily.(2013，石家庄初中毕业质检题)A．foodB．clothesC．buildingsD．travels19．Waiter，Ijustwouldlikeseveral__B__．Pleasebeinahurry.(2013，河北初中毕业升学押题卷)A．orangeB．applesC．breadD．milk20．Therearefifty__D__inourschool.Theyareallfriendlytous.(2014，安顺)A．womanteachersB．womenteacherC．womanteacherD．womenteachers类型构成方法例子有生命的名词(人或动物)在词尾加'sTom'sbook；thedog'sears以s，es结尾的复数名词只加'thestudents'desks； theteachers'office不以(e)s结尾的复数名词加'smen'sclothes；Children'sDay；Women'sDay无生命的名词时间、世界、国家、城市等一般在词尾加'sChina'scapital；theworld'spopulation；today'snews其他一般用of结构thedooroftheroom；amapoftheworld【特例清单】1．用and连接两个并列名词的所有格：(1)当and连接的两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加's。如：Maryandhersister'sbedroom玛丽和她姐姐共有的卧室(2)当and连接的两个并列名词表示分别拥有各自的物品时，两个名词都在词尾加's表示所有关系。如：Tom'sandMary'sbags汤姆和玛丽他们各自的包2．表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在表示职业的名词或姓氏后加上's代表场所。如：atailor's裁缝铺；adoctor's诊所；mysister's我姐姐的家；Chaplin's卓别林的家【经典在现】21．__B__brotherisatthetopofthemountain.Heiswavinghishand.(2014，张家口市一模)A．LucyandlilyB．LucyandLily'sC．Lucy'sandLilyD．Lucy'sandLily's22．I'llpaya__B__visittoLondonthissummervacation.Howaboutyou？(2014，唐山路北区)A．fivedaysB．fivedayC．fiveday'sD．fivedays'23．Myhouseisabout25__C__drivefromtheairport.(2014，石家庄长安区质检)A．minutesB．minuteC．minutes'D．minute's24．Thepricesof__D__shoesrunfrom$30to$90.(2013，石家庄)A．manB．man'sC．menD．men's25．—Dave，isthisyourEnglishtextbook?—No，itisn'tmine.Maybeit's__A__．(2013，邢台市一模)A．Jim'sB．heC．himD．Jim26．Inafew__B__time，thewholemountainwillbecoveredwithgreengrass.(2013，廊坊广阳二模)A．yearB．years'C．year'sD．years27．Iwillhavea__D__tripnextweek.(2013，唐山丰南区二模)A．fivedaysB．fiveday'sC．fiveday'sD．fiveday28．Idon'tthinkcookingisjust__C__work.(2013，沧州一模)A．mother'sB．mothers's C．mothers'D．mothers29．Everyone__C__haveatleasteight______sleepatnight.(2013，衡水五校联考二模)A．need；hour'sB．needto；hours'C．needsto；hours'D．needs；hours'30．__C__mothersbothworkinthesamehospital.(2013，唐山市路南区一模)A．TimandPeter'sB．Tim'sandPeterC．Tim'sandPeter'sD．TimandPeter(二)冠词纵观近五年的河北中考，每一年在单项选择题中都有至少一题考查的是冠词的用法。其考查重点集中在表示特指和表示类别的定冠词和不定冠词的用法上。对零冠词的考查主要以固定短语的形式出现。预计2015年河北中考对冠词的考查与往年区别不大。2011—2014年河北中考试题分析表冠词年份题号题型分值201126单项选择1201226单项选择1201326单项选择1201426单项选择1用法例子1.a用在辅音音素前，an用在元音音素前。Thisisausefulbook.Heisanhonestboy.2.用于第一次提到的、表示人或物的可数单数名词前，表示“一个”，相当于one。HereisamapoftheUnitedStates.续表：3.用在可数的、单数形式的普通名词前，表示价格、速度、时间、频率等度量上的“每一”等。Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.Wetakecomputerlessonsonceaweek.4.抽象名词在某些情况下可以与不定冠词连用，表示“一种、一场”等。It'sapleasuretohaveachatwithyou.5.用在单数名词前，表示一类人或物中的任何一个。Aknifeisusedforcutting.6.用在序数词前表示“又一、再一”等。Hecopiedthearticleathirdtime.7.用于固定短语中。havealook，alotof，haveagoodtime，afew【特例清单】1．有些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头，但使用不定冠词an。如：hour和honest以辅音字母h开头，但h并不发音，因此用an。2．有些单词虽然是以元音字母开头，但使用不定冠词a。如：useful和university以元音字母u开头，但u发/ju/音，故使用a。3．表示成套的东西时，两个并列的名词前只能用一个不定冠词。如： aknifeandfork一套刀叉atableandchair一套桌椅【经典再现】1．__C__oldmaninfrontofTomis______artist.(2014，滦县一模)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．An；anB．A；theC．The；anD．The；a2．Thereis__B__newmagazineonthedesk.(2014，唐山路北区一模)A．theB．aC．anD．/3．He'ssuch__B__honestboythateveryonelikeshim.(2014，定兴县一模)A．aB．anC．theD．/4．—HowwasyourweekendinBaoding?—TherestaurantsinBaodingarereallynice.Ihad__A__wonderfultime.(2014，保定市毕业试题)A．aB．anC．theD．/5．Thereis__C__appletreeinmygarden.It'sover20yearsold.(2014，石家庄十八县市联考)A．theB．aC．anD．/6．Mymotherisgoodatcookingandsheis__A__wonderfulcook.(2014，邯郸市二模)A．aB．anC．theD．/7．Howmanyminutesaretherein__B__hour？(2014，定州市一模)A．aB．anC．theD．/8．Theoldwomanwith__A__orangehatismygrandmother.(2014，河北初中毕业预测卷二)A．anB．theC．aD．/9．Wejudge__B__personnotbywhathesaysbutbywhathedoes.(2014，河北初中毕业预测)A．anB．aC．/D．the10．LeeMinhois__C__actorfromSouthKorea.Hesang______Chinesepopsongonthe2014CCTVNewYear'sGala.(2014，连云港)A．the；anB．/;theC．an；aD．a;/用法例子1.用于谈话双方都清楚的名词前，表示特指。Tom，cometotheblackboard，please.2.用于再次被提到的名词前。Thereisabookonthedesk.ThebookisTom's.3.和一些名词连用，表示类别。ThelightbulbwasinventedbyEdison.4.用于被形容词、介词短语或定语从句修饰的名词前。Handmethenewbook，please.5.用于形容词的最高级或序数词前。Tomisthetallestinourclass.6.用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。thesun，themoon，playthepiano7.用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。TheGreensareatbreakfasttable. 8.与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。Theyoungshouldhelptheold.9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。theGreatWall，theUnitedStates10.用于一些固定短语中。bytheway，intheend【经典再现】11．Thisnovelcanmakeyoulaughandcryat__C__sametime.(唐山路南一模)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．aB．anC．theD．/12．Thisis__D__wayI'vetoldyou.(2014，邢台市一模)A．anB．aC．/D．the13．Ilikethepictureverymuchbecause__C__colorsmatchwell.(2014，石家庄新华区质检)A．aB．anC．theD．/14．—Howdoyoufeelabout__A__bookwithgreencover?—It'sinteresting.(2014，张家口市一模)A．theB．aC．anD．/15．Fewstudentsraisedtheirhandswhentheteacherasked__C__question“Wholikesgrammar？”．(2014，石家庄长安区质检)A．aB．anC．theD．/16．Jackbought__B__usefulbook.______bookisalsoveryinteresting.(2014，大城县三模)A．an；TheB．a；TheC．the；/D．a；A17．—Doyouknow__C__girlingreen?—Sheisourmonitor.(2013，河北)A．aB．anC．theD．/18．Mycousinwentabroadat__C__ageofeighteen.(2014，杭州)A．aB．anC．theD．/19．Hebegantoplay__C__violinattheageoffive.(2013，河北初中毕业升学押题卷)A．aB．anC．theD．/20．__B__manridingamotorbikeis______universityteacher.(2013，唐山市路南区一模)A．A；anB．The；aC．The；anD．A；the用法例子1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。Paperismadeofwood.2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。Goalongthisroad.EverystudentlikesEnglishinourclass.3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。Myparentsareteachers.4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。TodayisChildren'sDay.It'shotinsummer.5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。Hewenttoschoolwithoutbreakfast.Let'splayfootballafterschool.6.在某些固定短语中。inbed，inhospital，onfoot【特例清单】 1．如果三餐名词之前有定语修饰时，可加不定冠词。如：Wehadawonderfullunch.2．如果季节、月份或日期名词被一个限定词修饰时，前面可加定冠词。如：HecametoBeijinginthewinterof1999.3．由festival组成的中国特有的节日前要加定冠词the。如：theSpringFestival春节theLanternFestival元宵节4．某些短语中有无冠词the，意义会大不相同。如：(1)gotoschool去上学；gototheschool到(所指的)学校去(2)attable用餐，在吃饭；atthetable在桌边(3)inhospital生病住院；inthehospital在医院里(并非生病住院)(4)infrontof在……前面(范围之外)；inthefrontof在……前部(范围之内)(5)bysea(＝byship)乘船，走水路；bythesea在海边(6)inclass在上课；intheclass在班上(7)inplaceof替代；intheplaceof在……地方【经典再现】21．—What__B__coldweather!—Yes.Butit's______unusualexperienceforuswhoalwaysliveinahotplace.(2014，秦皇岛市海港区二模)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．/；aB．/；anC．an；/D．a；an22．Mycousinwasgoodatplaying__D__chess.(2014，石家庄28中质检)A．aB．anC．theD．/23．Weallliketogoswimmingin__D__summer.(2013，廊坊广阳二模)A．aB．anC．theD．/24．__B__childreninourneighborhoodhave______goodtimeon______Children'sDay.(2014，河北方舟预测卷一)A．/；a；theB．The；a；/C．a；the；/D．/；/；the25．TheWhitesoftengoto__A__churchonSaturdaysandgoto______cinemaonSundays.(2014，河北预测卷五)A．/；theB．the；theC．the；/D．/；/26．Hurryup！Ifwemiss__C__lastbus，we'llhavetogohomeby______taxi.(2014，河北预测卷三)A．the；theB．the；aC．the；/D．a；/27．—Let'splay__A__soccer.—Idon'thave______soccerball.(2013，宜宾)A．/；aB．the；aC．a；theD．/；the28．—Whatdoyouusuallyhavefor__D__breakfast?—Apieceofbreadand______egg.(2013，天津)A．a；anB．/；theC．a；theD．/；an29．Ithinkit'sreally__D__hardworkformetofinishthejobintwentyminutes.(2013，杭州) A．aB．anC．theD．/30．—Wouldyouliketocometomypartythisafternoon?—I'dliketo,butmymotherisillin__D__hospital,Iwillgoto______hospitaltoseeher.A．/；aB．a；theC．the；theD．/；the(三)代词近几年河北及全国中考对代词的考查重点是不定代词、物主代词、反身代词和关系代词。代词在中考中所占的分数不多，一般为2—4分，占全卷总分数的2%左右。题型多为单项选择、词语运用和完形填空等。预计2015年河北中考对代词的考查仍以不定代词和人称代词为主，继续贯彻“交际性原则”，语境将会变得复杂，从而考查学生对语言的使用能力。2011—2014年河北中考试题分析表代词年份题号题型分值201127，43，81单项选择，词语运用3201227，34单项选择2201327，30，54单项选择，完形填空3201427，29，53单项选择，完形填空3人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称he，she，ithim，her，ittheythem【特例清单】1．人称代词的排列顺序分三种情况：复数人称按照we→you→they；单数人称按照you→he/she→I；第三人称男女并用时按照he→she。2．在包含双宾语的句子中，如果直接宾语是人称代词it或them，间接宾语要放在直接宾语的后面。如：Pleasepassittome.(不能说Pleasepassmeit.)3．Let's和letus用法不完全相同：Let's是letus的缩写形式，多用来表示劝告或建议，包括谈话的双方；而letus则不包括对方。另外，let's的反意疑问句用shallwe来反问，letus的反意疑问句则用willyou来反问。4．代词it的用法(1)用来代替上文中提到的特定事物，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。如：Yourfatherhasboughtyouanewcomputer.Doyoulikeit?(2)当说话人对所涉及的人的身份、姓名不清楚或看不出来、听不出来时，常用 it来代替和当时某一事物、某动作有关的那个人。如：Therewasaknockatthedoor.“Whoisit？”Mothercametothedoorandasked.(3)为了保持句子的平衡，可以用it来代替动词不定式，在句子中作形式主语或形式宾语。如：It'sveryinterestingtoswimintheriver.【经典再现】1．I'mtalkingtoyou，Jack.Pleaselistento__A__carefully.(2014，唐山路南区一模)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．meB．mineC．youD．yours2．AuntTinawillvisitussoon.__B__isarrivingtomorrowmorning.(2014，重庆)A．HeB．SheC．HisD．Her3．IhearMrSmithwillteach__D__Englishnextterm.(2014，秦皇岛市二模)A．weB．ourC．oursD．us4．Dannywillinvitemyfriendsand__C__tohisbirthdaypartynextSunday.(2014，邯郸市二模)A．IB．myC．meD．mine5．Ihavesomenewsfor__C__．______isgoodnews.(2014，河北中考预测卷三)A．your；ItB．your；TheyC．you；ItD．you；They6．—Susan,goandjoinyoursisterincleaningtheyard.—Why__C__？Johnissittingtheredoingnothingatall.(2014，黄冈)A．IB．myselfC．meD．mine7．Myparentsgive__B__someoldpicturesthatbroughtbacksweetmemories.(2014，河北省教研实模拟卷一)A．IB．meC．myD．mine8．ThismorningDianainvited__C__to______birthdayparty.(2014，河北省教研室模拟)A．I；herB．I；hersC．me；herD．me；hers9．Thebestandmostbeautifulthingscannotbeseen.__B__mustbefeltwithheart.(2013，唐山路北区二模)A．YouB．TheyC．ItD．I10．Youlooklikeyourtwinsister.Ican'ttellthedifferencebetweenyouand__C__．(2014，河北初中毕业升学押题卷〈蓝〉)A．sheB．himC．herD．herself种类单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis/hersoursyourstheirs /its【特例清单】1．his和its既可以作形容词性物主代词，又可以作名词性物主代词。如：Mycomputerisnewandhisisold.2．名词性物主代词常与介词of连用，构成名词所有格。如：somefriendsofmine我的一些朋友【经典再现】11．Herroomisbeautiful.ButIdon'tthinkherroomisbiggerthan__A__．(2014，滦南县一模)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．mineB．meC．ID．my12．Ourschoollibraryisalotbetterthan__D__．(2014，张家口市二模)A．theyB．theirC．themD．theirs13．Iknow__A__favouritesubjectisphysics.(2014，石家庄长安区质检)A．hisB．heC．he'sD．him14．Arethereanydifferencesbetweenyourideasand__D__？(2014，石家庄十八县市大联考)A．heB．himC．herD．his15．—Whotaught__C__Chinese，Ferry?—______classmates.Theyhelpedmealot.(2014，河北中考预测卷一)A．your；MyB．you；MineC．you；MyD．your；I16．CanIborrowyourpen？Ican'tfind__D__．(2014，河北中考预测卷)A．myB．meC．myselfD．mine17．—Mike，isthatnewbike__C__？—Yes.Mymotherboughtitformeyesterday.(2014，河北省教研室模拟卷五)A．youB．yourC．yoursD．yourself18．Itisagoodhabitof__D__toreadafewlinesbeforegoingtobed.(2013，河北)A．IB．meC．myD．mine19．ThisisnotMary'sbook.__C__isoverthere.(2013，邯郸一模)A．SheB．HerC．HersD．Herself20．—Howdoyouliketheirschool?—It'sreallybeautiful.ButIdon'tthinkitisasbigas__D__．(2013，石家庄十八县大联考)A．usB．weC．ourD．ours人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself/herself/itselfthemselves【特例清单】byoneself(亲自)　　　foroneself(为自己)calloneself(称自己)teachoneself(自学) helponeselftosth(随便吃)loseoneself(迷路)enjoyoneself(自得其乐)【经典再现】　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　21．Henryisoldenoughtothinkfor__D__．Don'tworryabouthim.(2013，石家庄十八县联考二)A．myselfB．yourselfC．herselfD．himself22．IhopeyouandyoursisterJanewillenjoy__D__atthedancingparty.(2014，保定毕业)A．myselfB．yourselfC．herselfD．yourselves23．Themancalledhisprofessorforhelpbecausehecouldn'tsolvetheproblemby__B__．(2014，河北省教研室模拟卷三)A．herselfB．himselfC．yourselfD．themselves24．—I'llhaveatennisgametomorrow.I'malittlebitnervous.(2014，随州)—Believein__C__．You'rethebestinourclub.A．herselfB．myselfC．yourselfD．himself25．—Jim，pleasehelp__B__tosomebread.—Thankyou.(2013，聊城)A．youB．yourselfC．himD．herself26.It'sveryimportantforustolearnhowtolearnby__A__．(2013，陕西)A．ourselvesB．itselfC．myselfD．themselves27.Don'tworry.Weareoldenoughtolookafter__D__．(2014，陕西)A．myselfB．meC．usD．ourselves28．—MymotherandIwillhaveapicnicnextSunday.—Enjoy__D__．(2012，唐山市丰南区一模)A．himselfB．themselvesC．yourselfD．yourselves29．Don'tworryaboutme.I'moldenoughtothinkfor__D__．(2012，河北)A．himselfB．herselfC．yourselfD．myself30．—Howwastheirlastweekend?—Great.Theyhadapicnicintheparkandenjoyed__D__．(2012，藁城一模)A．themB．theyC．theirD．themselves格指人指物指人或物 主格who谁宾格whom谁what什么which哪个，哪些所有格whose谁的whose谁的whose谁的【特例清单】1．疑问代词who作主语时，即使被问者是复数，其谓语动词也通常用单数形式。如：—Whoiscomingtohavedinnertonight?—Susan，LindaandTom.2．疑问代词what作定语时，意为“什么”，不限制范围；which作定语时，意为“哪(几)个”，指在一定数目中进行选择，限制在一定范围内。如：Whatgirlsdoyoulikebest?Whichgirlsdoyoulikebest?【经典再现】31．—__A__isthepopulationoftheUSA?—296million.(2013，石家庄3区联考)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．WhatB．HowmanyC．HowmuchD．Which32．—__C__modelplaneisthis？(2013，徐州)—Ithinkit'sJim's.Look，hisnameisonit.A．WhoB．WhatC．WhoseD．Where33．—Canyouwritetomeifyouarefree?—Noproblem.But__C__isyouremailaddress？(2014，廊坊市大城县升学考试)A．whereB．whichC．whatD．how34.__D__aretheytalkingaboutoverthere？(2014，唐山路北区一模)A．WhoseB．WhereC．WhichD．What35．—__C__doesyournewfriendlooklike?—Heistallwithshortblondhairandbigblueeyes.(2014，河北省教研室模拟卷六)A．HowB．WhoC．WhatD．Where单数this这，这个that那，那个复数these这些those那些such这样的人或物same同样的人或物【特例清单】1．在打电话的语境中，常用this和that代替I和you。如：—Hello！IsthatMrs.White?—Sorry，Mrs.Whiteisn'there.ThisisKate，herdaughter.2．指上文的事情，可以用this，也可以用that替代；指下文的事情，则要用this替代。如： Mybikebrokedown.This/ThatiswhyIwaslate.Thisismyidea.Weshouldstartoutatonce.【经典再现】36．—AlatestEnglishnewspaper，please!—Onlyonecopyleft.Wouldyouliketohave__A__，sir？(2014，唐山路北区一模)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．itB．oneC．thisD．that37．—Howfaristhenaturalpark?—Oh，__B__willtakeoveronehourforthecartogothere.(2014，石家庄28中三模)A．thisB．itC．weD．that38．CarsmadeinGermanyarebetterthan__B__madeinJapan.(2014，邢台市一模)A．thatB．thoseC．themD．it39．Whatlovelyteddybears！Iwanttobuy__B__．(2013，唐山路北区一模)A．itB．oneC．thisD．that40．—Bob,canyouseetheboysoverthere?—__A__aremycousins.Let'sgoandsayhellotothem.(2014，兰州)A．ThoseB．ThisC．ThatD．These序号不定代词用法例句1some用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句中。Tomhassomestorybooks.Wouldyoulikesomemilk？any一般用于疑问句或否定句中。Arethereanyapplesonthetree?Therearen'tanybuses.2both表示“两者都”。Tom'sparentsarebothdoctors.all表示“三者或三者以上都”。Allofthebooksareveryinteresting.either表示“两者中的任何一个”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。Eitherofthebooksisinteresting.neither表示“两者都不”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。Neitherofhisfriendshascomeyet.3noone指人，不能接of短语。Noonewouldliketogo withher.none表示否定，可以指人或物，常接of短语。NoneofthemhasbeentoBeijing.4every表整体概念，只能作定语。不能与of短语连用。表示“每一”。EverytimeIgotoseehim，heisverybusy.each强调个体，可作主语、宾语和定语等，可以指人或物。可以与of短语连用。表示“每一个”。Eachofyoucantrytwice.5many修饰可数名词复数。Therearemanybooksonthedesk.much修饰不可数名词。Ihavemuchhomeworktodo.续表：序号不定代词用法例句6few表“否定”，是“几乎没有”的意思，修饰可数名词。Hehasfewfriendshere.afew表“肯定”，是“有一点”的意思，修饰可数名词。Thereareafewapplesinthebasket.little表“否定”，是“几乎没有”的意思，修饰不可数名词。Thereislittlewaterinthebottle.alittle表“肯定”，是“有一点”的意思，修饰不可数名词。Don'tworry.Thereisalittletimeleft.7other泛指其他的，修饰复数名词。Doyouhaveanyotherideas？theother指“两者中的另一个”。Ihavetwobooks.OneisChinese，theotherisEnglish.another指“三者或以上中的另一个”。Wouldyoulikeanothercupoftea？others泛指其他的人或物。Somewenttothepark，othersvisitedthemuseum.theothers特指其余的所有人或物。FivestudentsinourclassareEnglish，theothersareChinese.【特例清单】 1．不定代词all和not连用时表示部分否定，要译成“不是全部”，不能译成“全都不”、“都不”；表示全部否定要用none。如：Notalltheballsareround.Noneofthebreadisfresh.2．both与not连用也表示部分否定，译为“并非两者都”，不可译为“两者都不”；表示全部否定用neither。如：Bothofusarenotdoctors.Neitherofusisadoctor.【经典再现】41．Whenthegirlishappy，she__D__singsordances.(2014，石家庄长安区质检)　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．anyB．neitherC．bothD．either42．—Whichbasketballplayerdoyoulikebest，Kobe，JamesorJordan?—__B__ofthem.LinShuhaoismyfavorite.(2014，唐山市路南区一模)A．AllB．NoneC．EitherD．Neither43．TheteachersinthatschoolspeakeitherEnglishorFrench，oreven__B__．(2013，河北定州一模)A．allB．bothC．neitherD．none44．On__B__sidesofthestreettherearealotofcolorfulflowers.(2014，石家庄十八县市大联考)A．eachB．bothC．eitherD．all45．TherearelotsofEnglishbookshere，and__D__ofthemiseasytounderstand.(2014，石家庄28中三模)A．bothB．allC．everyD．each46．Themanhascollectedstampsforseveralyears.Hehas__B__stampsfromdifferentcountries.(2013，保定二模)A．fewB．manyC．muchD．little47．—Whatareyoudoinghere?—Iwanttoknowifthereis__C__sheepeatinggrassatthefootofthehill.(2013，唐山路北一模)A．fewB．littleC．afewD．alittle48．—ThecarsmadeinGermanyaremoreexpensivethan__A__madeinJapan.(2014，呼和浩特)—Yes,youareright.Butthey'remuchbetter.A．thoseB．thatC．onesD．it49．Iturnedtobookshopsandlibrarieslookingforinformationandfound__A__．(2014，武汉)A．noneB．bothC．oneD．neither50．—Wehavecoffeeandtea.Whichdoyouwanttodrink?—I'mafraid__B__．IthinkapplejuicewillbeOK.(2013，邯郸一模)A．noneB．neitherC．eitherD．both somebody某人anybody任何人nobody没有人everybody每个人someone某人anyone任何人noone没有人everyone每人something某事anything任何事nothing没有事everything每件事【特例清单】1．作主语时，谓语动词用单数。2．当主句的主语是指人的复合不定代词everybody，nobody，anyone等时，其反意疑问句主语通常用代词they；当主句中的主语是指物的复合不定代词everything，anything，nothing，something等时，其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词it。如：Everybodyishere，aren'tthey?Everythingisready，isn'tit?3．当形容词或else(另外)修饰复合不定代词something，everything，everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在复合不定代词的后面。如：XiaoMing，Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Weneedonemorehelper.Canyoufindanyoneelse?4．everyone＝everybody，anyone＝anybody，只指人，不能与of短语连用；everyone，anyone可指人也可指物，一定要与of连用才可以。如：Isanybodyhere?Youcantakeanyoneofthese.【经典再现】51．Isthere__C__today'snewspaper？(2014，廊坊市大城县升学考试)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．somethingimportantonB．importantsomethingonC．anythingimportantinD．importantanythingin52．Theleaderistoostrictandneverpraises__D__．(2014，石家庄新华区5月质检)A．somebodyB．someoneC．nobodyD．anyone53．Haze(雾霾)appearsaroundus.Let'sdo__B__helpfultoprotecttheenvironment.(2014，定兴县一模)A．nothingB．somethingC．anythingD．athing54．Youdon'thaveadrink.CanIgetyou__A__？(2013，河北)A．somethingB．anythingC．nothingD．everything55．Not__C__onlineischeapandgood.Sometimesyoumaybecheated.(2013，保定初中毕业调研)A．somethingB．anythingC．everythingD．nothing56．Don'tworryaboutthat.__D__willbeOK.(2013，河北初中毕业押题卷〈红〉) A．NothingB．AnythingC．SomethingD．Everything57．Iwaslookingforabirthdaygiftformymother,butIcouldn'tfind__A__suitable.(2014，南京)A．anythingB．somethingC．nothingD．everything58．—Whohelpedyoucleanthebedroomyesterday，Kitty?—__A__．Icleaneditallbymyself.(2013，泰安)A．NobodyB．EverybodyC．SomebodyD．Anybody59．__A__iswaitingforyouatthegate.Hewantstosaythankstoyou.(2014，河北省教研室模拟卷一)A．SomebodyB．AnybodyC．EverybodyD．Nobody60．Hethinkshimselfsomebody，butwethinkhim__A__.(2014，河北省教研室模拟四)A．nobodyB．anybodyC．somebodyD．everybody(四)数词近几年河北及全国对基数词和序数词的考查重点是：序数词的词形变化以及运用的语境。数词在中考中所占分数不多，一般为1—2分，占全卷总分数的1%左右，题型多为词语运用题。预计2015年河北中考将继续把数词的基本用法及拼写作为考查重点。2011—2014年河北中考试题分析表数词年份题号题型分值201155完形填空1201281词语运用1201385词语应用1201482词语应用1one1two2three3four4five5six6seven7eight8eleven11twelve12thirteen13fourteen14fifteen15sixteen16seventeen17eighteen18twentyone21twentytwo22thirty30forty40fifty50sixty60seventy70eighty80【特例清单】 1．1000以上的基数词的表示方法是：从右向左用分节号“，”分节，每三个数字为一个节，第一个分节号前用thousand，第二个分节号前用million，第三个分节号前用billion。如：2，418，000，000twobillion，fourhundredandeighteenmillion2．hundred，thousand，million，billion等用在具体的数字后面时不能加s或of；hundred，thousand，million，billion等前面没有具体的数字时通常加s或of。如：eightthousandpeople八千人；fiftythousandtrees五万棵树；thousandsof成千上万的；millionsof数百万3．“基数词＋单数名词”相当于复合形容词，作名词的定语，用于表示时间、距离等。如：the100metrerace100米赛跑atenminutewalk10分钟的路程4．“基数词＋more”或“another＋基数词”表示“在原来的基础上增加的数量”。如：MygrandmotherwillstayinShanghaifortwomoreweeks.＝MygrandmotherwillstayinShanghaiforanothertwoweeks.我的奶奶将在上海再待两周。【经典再现】1．Morethantwo__A__studentsinthisuniversitywerechosenasvolunteers.(2014，邯郸市二模)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．thousandB．thousandsC．thousandofD．thousandsof2．Lastyear，Jimmyhadhis__C__vacationinSanya.A．tendayB．tenday'sC．tendayD．tendays3．Whenhearrivedattheairport,LeeMinhofoundthat__B__fanswerewaitingforhimthere.(2014，东营)A．hundredB．hundredsofC．hundredsD．hundredof4．__D__peoplewenttowatchthefinalofAustraliaopenbetweenLiNaandCibulkova(齐布尔科娃)______thenightofJanuary25th,2014.(2014，河北中考方舟预测卷四)A．Thousandsof；inB．Thousand；onC．Manythousand；inD．Thousandsof；on5．—Ourschoolisgoingtoholdthe__C__CultureFestival.(2014，河北中考方舟预测卷五)—Yes！Andwecantakepartin______activities.A．Fifth；fifthB．Five；fifthC．Fifth；fiveD．Five；five6．A__A__girlnamedDongXinyilookedafterherdisabledfather.(2014，河北省教研室模拟卷二)A．threeyearoldB．threeyearsoldC．threeyearoldsD．threeyeasold7．Inordertofinishtheproject，wewillhavetowork__B__hoursaday.(2014， 河北省教研室模拟卷三)A．moretwoB．twomoreC．twoanotherD．twoother8．I'm13yearsoldandmysisteris15yearsold.Somysisteris__B__yearsolderthanme.(2014，济南)A．oneB．twoC．threeD．four9．Pleaseturntopage__D__andlookatthe______pictureinthisunit.(2014，聊城)A．twentieth；oneB．twenty；oneC．twentieth；firstD．twenty；first10．It'snevertoooldtolearn.KarlMaxbegantolearnEnglishinhis__D__．(2014，广东)A．thefiftiethB．fiftiethC．fiftyD．fifties　　first　　1st　第1second2nd第2third3rd第3fourth4th第4fifth5th第5sixth6th第6seventh7th第7eighth8th第8ninth9th第9tenth10th第10eleventh11th第11twelfth12th第12twentieth20th第20twentyfirst　　21st　第21thirtieth30th第30thirtyninth39th第39fortieth40th第40fiftieth50th第50sixtieth60th第60seventieth70th第70eightieth80th第80ninetieth90th第90hundredth100th第100onehundredandfirst101st第101【特例清单】1．序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时，则表示“再一”，“又一”。如：We'vetrieditthreetimes.Mustwetryitafourthtime?2．基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可，不需要添加定冠词。thefirstlesson——LessonOnethefifthpage——Page5(five)thetwentyfirstroom——Room21(twentyone)【经典再现】11．__D__monthoftheyearisMay.(2014，天津)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．TwoB．ThesecondC．FiveD．Thefifth12．Hewrotehis__D__novelwhenhewasinhis______.(2014，秦皇岛二模)A．five；fiftyB．fifth；fifty C．five；fiftiesD．fifth；fifties13．Tom'scousinlivesonthe__D__floor.A．twoB．twiceC．twosD．second14．Theboygotanicepresentonhis__B__birthday.A．nineB．ninthC．thenineD．theninth15．PleaseturntoPage__B__andreadthe______story.(2014，兰州)A．Ten；twoB．Ten；secondC．Tenth；secondD．Tenth；two16．—Howwasyourweekend?—Great！Itwasmygrandfather's__B__birthday.Weenjoyedourselves.(2012，广东)A．seventyB．seventiethC．theseventiethD．seventeenth17．—IhearyourfriendisvisitingSanyaagain.Isitthesecondtimeforhim?—Yes，andhewillcomefor__A__timenextspring.(2012，自贡)A．athirdB．asecondC．thethirdD．thesecond18．JimhasbeentoShanghaitwice，andhewantstogotherefora__B__time.(2013，张家口一模)A．secondB．thirdC．otherD．another19．During__B__century，greatchangestookplaceinChina.(2013，廊坊广阳二模)A．twentyB．thetwentiethC．twentiethD．thetwenty20．ChristmasDayison__D__ofDecember.(2014，聊城)A．twentyfiveB．twentyfifthC．thetwentyfiveD．thetwentyfifth用法例子句法功能主语Itissaidthatthirteenisanunluckynumber.宾语Itisworththreehundred.Hewasamongthefirsttoarrive.定语Thereareonlythreeboysintheclass.Mayisthefifthmonthofayear.表示事物编号theNo.TenMiddleSchool，LessonOne表示年代inthe1890s表示年、月、日OnMay1st，2008表示时间整点Tomoftengetsupatsixinthemorning.与汉语顺序4：25　fourtwentyfive6：30　sixthirty 相同几点过几分attwentypastsix差几分到几点atfivetosix【经典再现】21．Hewrotehis__D__novelwhenhewasinhis______.(2013，海港区初中毕业模拟二)A．five；fiftyB．fifth；fiftyC．five；fiftiesD．fifth；fifties22．Qingdaoisbecomingatourcity.__B__peoplecomehereduringtheholidayseveryyear.(2013，石家庄二十八中质检题)A．ThousandofB．ThousandsofC．FivethousandsD．Fivethousandsof23．—Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour?—__C__．(2014，黔南)A．AhalfB．OnethirdC．AquarterD．Twothirds24．__B__ofthestudentsinourclassarefromthecountryside.A．TwothirdB．TwothirdsC．TwothreeD．Secondthree25．Themachinewasinventedin__B__century.A．18thB．the18thC．18D．the1826．—WereJackandJerryborninthe__C__？—Yes，theywerebothbornin______．A．1995；1990sB．1995；1995C．1990s；1995D．1990s；1990s27．—Excuseme，sir.There'sapackageforLinTao.Whichroomdoeshelivein?—__B__．(2014，河北省教研室模拟一)A．808RoomB．Room808C．TheRoom808D．The808Room28．—Howtoread“6：10”inEnglish?—It's__C__．(2014，河北中考方舟预测卷一)A．sixpasttenB．tentosixC．sixtenD．tensix29．It'ssaidthat__D__ofthewateraroundtheworld______polluted.(2014，衡水五校联考二模)A．twothird；hasB．twothirds；haveC．twothird；areD．twothirds；is(五)介词近几年的河北中考中，常常通过设置一定的情景来考查与介词有关的短语和句型，其中重点是考查时间介词、方位介词和介词短语。介词在河北中考中所占的分数不多， 一般为1—2分，占全卷分数的1%左右，题型多为单项选择题、词语运用等。预计2015年河北中考对介词的考查将会围绕介词短语的搭配、辨析及拼写等方面进行。2011—2014年河北中考试题分析表介词年份题号题型分值201129，49单项选择，完形填空2201228，54单项选择，完形填空2201328单项选择1201428单项选择1分类例词表示时间in，at，on，between，since，for，during，until，till，by，from…to，behind，by，before，past表示方位in，at，on，around，before，infrontof，between，behind，beside，near，under，above，below，nextto，among表示往返的方向to，towards，round，around，through，across，from…to，into，outof，off，along其他by，to，like，unlike，of，except，about，against，with，but，as，without【特例清单】1．in通常用在世纪、年份、季节、月份、上午、下午、晚上等词前，但后面接时间段，意为“在……之后”，用于将来时态；而after意为“在……之后”，要用于一般过去时。如：WearegoingtoBeijingintwoweeks.HewenttoAmericain2003，afteroneyear，hecameback.2．for和since在表示时间时，一般用于完成时，for与时间段连用，since与时间点连用。如：Wehaven'tseeneachotherforyears.Hisfatherhastaughtinthisschoolsince1985.3．表示位置时，in表示某一小地点在另一大地点之内；on表示两个地点相互接壤；to则表示两个地点互不接壤，并有一定的距离。如：TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.ShandongisonthenorthofHenan.JapanliestotheeastofChina.4．between表示“在两者之间”，而among表示“在三者或三者以上之中”。但当between用于三者或三者以上时，强调“两两之间”，侧重指人或物各自独立；而among强调彼此不分离。如：Wehavetoomanydesksinourclass.Thereishardlyanyroomtomovebetweenthem.Thisvillageisamongthehills.5．表示方位时，on表示一个物体的位置在另一个物体之上，两者的表面相接触；above表示一个物体比另一个物体所处的位置高，通常两个物体表面不接触；over表示“在……的正上方”，强调在垂直的上方。如： Thereisamaponthewall.Thelightsareaboveourheads.Somebirdsareflyingoverthesea.6．besides和except都可译为“除……之外”，但含义不同：besides表示“除……以外，还有”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，含义是肯定的；except表示“从整体中除去一部分”，含义是否定的。如：Weallwentbesideshim.(他去了)Weallwentexcepthim.(他没有去)7．across和through均可译为“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同：across的含义与on有关，表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的；而through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行的。如：Thedogranacrossthegrass.Theywalkedthroughtheforest.时间介词【经典再现】1．__B__age7，Brucewonsecondprizeinthepianocompetition.(2013，河北)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．InB．AtC．OnD．For2．—Oh，somanypeopleinthepark!—Nobodylikestostayathome__B__suchafineday.(2013，邯郸初中毕业模拟二)A．inB．onC．atD．for3．__D__themorningofApril20th，2013，aterribleearthquaketookplaceinYa'an，Sichuan.(2013，河北初中毕业升学考试押题〈蓝〉)A．InB．AtC．ForD．On4.—Whendoesyourmothergoshopping?—Usually__A__Sundaymorning.(2013，唐山路北模拟一)A．onB．inC．atD．for5.Thestoryhappened__B__acoldwintermorning.(2013，唐山丰南区一模)A．inB．onC．atD．for6．NeilArmstrongwasinterestedinflying__D__averyyoungage.Hereceivedhisstudentpilot'slicensewhenhewas16.(2013，衡水五校联考二模)A．fromB．inC．onD．at7．HewenttoShanghai__C__arainymorning.(2013，廊坊广阳二模)A．inB．atC．onD．with8．Wecanbethankfuleveryday，notjust__B__ThanksgivingDay.(2012，河北)A．inB．onC．toD．by9．IhearourEnglishteacherwillbeback__B__threeweeks'time.(2014，定州市一模)A．atB．inC．forD．after10．IstillrememberthefirsttimeImetyou.Itwas__C__themiddleofahotJulyafternoon.(2014，唐山路北区一模)A．atB．onC．inD．until方位介词【经典再现】 11．Oh！Lilyiscomingbackandsheis__B__theplanefromLondonnow.(2013，河北初中毕业升学考试押题)A．toB．onC．inD．at12．—Isyourfatherathome？(2013，保定二模)—No，he'sworkinglate__D__theoffice.A．forB．toC．ofD．at13．Look！Tinaiswaiting__B__thebusstop.(2014，保定市定兴县一模)A．forB．atC．inD．to14．Youmustdriveyourcar__C__theleftsideoftheroadinEngland.(2013，张家口一模)A．inB．atC．onD．for15．Look！Thedress__A__theshopwindowisbeautiful.Iwanttohaveit.(2014，石家庄新华区5月质检)A．inB．forC．ofD．at16．—Whyareyoustanding，Alice?—Ican'tseetheblackboardclearly.Twotallboysaresitting__D__me.(2014，唐山市路南区一模)A．behindB．nexttoC．betweenD．infrontof17．Theworkerswillbuildanewrailroad__B__thetwocities.(2014，河北省教研室模拟卷二)A．sinceB．betweenC．asD．during18．—Mary，doesyourbrotherget__C__workbybus？(2014，河北省教研室模拟卷六)—No，heridesabike.Sometimeshewalks.A．inB．onC．toD．for19．Cambridgeisasmallcity__A__theeastofEngland.(2014，天津)A．inB．withC．betweenD．under20．—Excuseme，where'sthewestHillFarm，please?—Go__B__theforestand______thefootofthemountain，youwillfindit.(2014，河北省方舟中考预测卷十)A．past；underB．through；atC．across；atD．through；under表示往返的介词【经典再现】21．Beforethebridgewasbuilt__C__theriver，thevillagershadtotakeaboattotheotherside.(2013，丽水)A．inB．besideC．acrossD．along22．TonyandIaregoodfriends.Weusuallylearnalot__B__eachother.(2013，南充)A．ofB．fromC．acrossD．at23．Sandyisarealbookloverandsheoftenbringshomemanybookstoread__D__thelibrary.(2013，苏州)A．inB．forC．byD．from24．TheXiamenShenzhenhighspeedrailroadwillrun__B__eightcities.(2013，佛山)A．acrossB．throughC．over25．—Ileftmykeysintheroomyesterday.Ihadtogetin__B__thewindow. —It'sdangeroustodothat.(2012，河南)A．inB．throughC．overD．to26．Samlikestrekking__D__thejungle，becausehethinksit'sexciting.(2012，济宁)A．overB．underC．acrossD．through27．Don'tdrivesofast！Wemustslowdownwhenwedrive__D__thetunnel.(2012，无锡)A．pastB．acrossC．overD．through28．—WhatcanIdoforyou？(2014，潍坊)—IhopeIhaveanicehouse__D__abiggarden.A．ofB．fromC．aboutD．with29．—WouldyoupleasetellmethewaytothePacificHotel？(2014，烟台)—Go__A__thepostoffice,andyou'llfinditontheleft.A．pastB．passC．passedD．over30.—Canaplanefly__A__theAtlanticOcean?—Yes，butitneedstogo______thecloudsforhours.(2014，烟台)A．across；throughB．through；acrossC．across；acrossD．through；through其他介词【经典再现】31．__D__usthree，Peterstudiesthehardest.(2014，张家口市一模)　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．InB．FromC．ForD．Of32．Idon'tknowhowtostartatalkwithBetty.Shecansitalldaylong__C__aword！(2014，石家庄十八校联考)A．byB．withC．withoutD．in33．I'mmakingprogressthisterm，soIamveryproud__D__myself.(2014，邯郸二模)A．aboutB．inC．forD．of34．—Vegetablesaregood__A__ourhealth.—Yes.Iagree______you.(2014，滦南县一模)A．for；withB．at；withC．for；toD．at；to35．Someofusstudyforatest__D__workingwithagroup.(2014，石家庄长安区质检)A．atB．forC．ofD．by36．Oh，it'syou.Peter！Yourvoicesoundsverydifferent__C__thephone.What'shappening？(2014，保定毕业)A．fromB．inC．onD．of37．Heplayedajoke__D__me______pretendinghehadlosthispassport.(2014，河北方舟中考预测卷一)A．at；forB．in；aboutC．to；withD．on；by38．Don'tforgettospendmoretime__B__yourparents.Theycareforyouandloveyou.(2014，河北方舟中考预测卷三)A．fromB．withC．inD．on39．—Jim，isphysicsdifficulttolearninhighschool? —Sure.Nosubjectcanbelearnedwell__A__hardwork.(2014，河北方舟中考预测卷四)A．withoutB．fromC．throughD．for40．Mostpeopleare__C__buildingapaperfactorynearhere.Theyareworriedtheriverwillgetpolluted.(2014，广东)A．forB．withC．againstD．beyond介词＋名词athome在家里；atschool在学校；atnoon在中午；atnight在晚上；atwork在工作；atsea在大海上；atthesametime同时；attimes有时；atbreakfast早餐时；atmidnight在午夜atthemoment在此刻；afterawhile过了一会bybus乘公共汽车；bytheway顺便说；bythetime到……时候；byturns轮流；bymistake错误地；bythedoor在门口inhospital住院；inthehospital在医院；intheend最后；inorder整整齐齐；inorderto以便；inthedaytime在白天；inturn轮流intime及时；infront在前方；inEnglish用英语；inthefuture将来的某个时刻；infuture(整个)将来；infact事实上ontheway在路上；onSunday在星期天；onshow展出；ondisplay陈列；onfire着火；onduty值日；ontheotherhand另一方面onfoot步行；onbusiness出差；onboard在船(飞机)上；onholiday在休假；onthetelephone在接(打)电话；ontime准时；ontheleft/right在左边/右边；onsale在出售；onwatch在值班；ontheearth在地球上withpleasure很乐意；withone'shelp在某人的帮助下be＋形容词＋介词beamazedat对……感到惊讶；beangrywith生(某人的)气；beafraidof害怕；bebusywith忙于做……；begoodat擅长于；befullof充满beexcitedabout对……感到兴奋；bekindto对……和善；beinterestedin对……感兴趣befamousfor因……而著名；belatefor迟到；bepopularwith受……欢迎bepleasedwith对……感到满意；beproudof对……感到骄傲；bereadyfor为……准备好besatisfiedwith对……满意；beworriedabout为……担心动词＋介词agreewith同意；askfor请求；beginwith以……开始；comefrom出生，来自dieof死于；geton/off上车/下车；fill…with用……装；falloff从……落下hearfrom收到(某人)的信；hearof听说；lookat看；gotobed去睡觉；gotoschool去上学；lookfor寻找；lookafter照顾listento听……讲话；payfor付钱；pointto指向；sendfor派人去叫；runacross碰到；talkabout谈论；think about考虑；waitfor等候；writeto写信给……；worryabout担心；laughat嘲笑；fallbehind落在……后面；knockat敲介词＋名词＋介词atthefootof在……脚下；onthetopof在……顶端；inthemiddleof在……中间；inthefrontof在……前面；intheeastof在……东部atthebeginningof起初；bytheendof到……为止；attheageof在……岁时；attheheadof在……前头【经典再现】41．YaoMingisagreatbasketballplayer.Weareproud__A__him.(2014，石家庄十八县市大联考)　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．ofB．toC．forD．at42．Annhelpsme__B__mathafterschool.(2014，河北省教研模拟卷八)A．forB．withC．onD．by43．ZhouYangis__A__skating.Shewonagoldmedalatthe2010OlympicWinterGame.(2014，秦皇岛区二模)A．goodatB．weakinC．tiredofD．angrywith44．Jimmycan'tbuyanynewbooksbecausehehas__B__hismoney.(2014，滦南县一模)A．soldonB．runoutofC．comeoutD．comeover45．SunshineSportsisverypopularatourschool.Exerciseisgood__B__ourhealth.(2013，河北初中毕业升学考试〈绿〉)A．atB．forC．withD．to46．—Couldyoupleaseprovideus__D__someinformationaboutyourhometown?—Certainly.(2013，石家庄桥东区毕业模拟检测)A．toB．ofC．fromD．with47．—Whatwouldyoulike__C__yourafternoontea?—Justacupofcoffee______somesugarandmilk.(2014，呼和浩特)A．of；withB．of；withoutC．for；withD．for；without48．Treescanstopthewind__D__blowingtheearthaway.(2013，石家庄3区联考)A．toB．onC．withD．from49．It'stime__D__theweatherreport.Turnontheradio，please.(2013，唐山路南区二模)A．toB．inC．atD．for50．Thisschoolisdifferent__B__others.Ithasmanyoutofclassactivities.(2011，河北)A．offB．fromC．ofD．for(六)连词河北中考对连词的考查重点是并列连词、从属连词， 以及一些易混淆的连词。历年中考试题对连词考查的比重也不大，一般为1—2分左右，题型多为单项选择题和词语运用题。预计2015年中考对连词的考查重点基本和2014年相同。2011—2014年河北中考试题分析表连词年份题号题型分值201133，41单项选择2201236，47单项选择，完形填空2201340，48单项选择，完形填空2201432，38单项选择2并列连词实例and和，又，及Heislaughingandtalking.but但是，可是(表转折)Heispoor，buthonest.or或者(表选择)Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee？so因此，所以(表结果)Hewasill，sohecouldn'tgotoschoolyesterday.both…and…两者都Bothyouandsheareright.notonly…butalso…不但……而且……Notonlyyoubutalsoeveryoneherelikeswatchingfootballmatch.either…or…或者……或者……EitherheorIamright.neither…nor…既不……也不……NeitherthetwinsnorLiLeihasbeentoShanghai.【特例清单】1．“祈使句＋or＋结果句”与“Ifyoudon't…，you'll…”同义，其中or意为“否则”。如：Hurryup，oryouwillbelate.＝Ifyouhurryup，youwon'tbelate.＝Ifyoudon'thurryup，youwillbelate.2．but意为“但是”，用来表示转折关系，注意它不能与though，although连用。如：Iwanttohelpyou，butIreallydon'tknowwhattodo.3．so意为“所以，因此”用来表示因果关系，注意它不能与because，since，as连用。如：Therainbegantofall，sowehadtofindaplacetostayin.4．for意为“因为”，表示原因，主要用来进行补充说明，没有因果关系。如：Imustbeoffnow，forit'srathercoldoutside.Isoonfellasleep，forIwastired.5．notonly…butalso，neither…nor…和either…or…连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致；both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式；而as wellas连接两个主语时，谓语动词同前面的主语在人称和数上要保持一致。如：NotonlyIbutalsomymotherisgoingtothemuseum.NeitheryounorIamright.BothLiPingandherfathertakeexerciseeverymorning.【经典再现】1．Followyourteacher'sadvice，__B__you'llmakegreatprogressinyourEnglish.(2014，定兴县一模)　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．orB．andC．butD．so2．Tom，keepawayfromthefire，__C__youwillgetburnt.(2014，石家庄十八县市联考)A．andB．soC．orD．but3．HefailedintheEnglishspeechcontest，__A__hedidhisbesttoprepareforit.(2014，滦南县一模)A．thoughB．butC．becauseD．so4．Whichdoyouprefertousetokeepintouchwithyourfriends，QQ__A__MSN？(2014，保定毕业)A．orB．soC．andD．but5．Jenny，putonyourcoat__C__youwillcatchacold.(2011，河北)A．butB．andC．orD．so6．Dianaisn'there,__A__leaveamessageonherdesk.(2014，河北)A．soB．andC．butD．or7．Thebeginningofthemoviewasboring，__A__theendwasamazing！(2013，河北)A．butB．andC．soD．or8．—Excuseme，couldyouhelpmetakethischairtomyoffice?—I'msorry，__A__Ican'thelpyourightnow.I'mtoobusy.(2013，石家庄42中一模)A．andB．butC．soD．because9．__B__mycousin______Iknowsomethingaboutthestoryyoutoldus，becausewehaven'theardofit.(2013，唐山路北一模)A．Both；andB．Neither；norC．Either；orD．Notonly；butalso10．—Howdoyoulikethetwopairsofshorts?—Theydon'tfitmewell.Theyare__D__toolong______tooshort.(2014，滨州)A．notonly；butalsoB．both；andC．neither；norD．either；or表示时间when当……时Thestudentswere talkingwhentheteachercamein.while当……时IwasdoingmyhomeworkwhilemyfatherwaswatchingTV.after在……之后　　　I'llgotoplayfootballafterIfinishmyhomework.before在……之前　　　Pleaseturnoffthelightbeforeyouleavetheroom.till，until直到……为止　　I'llwaittill(until)hearrives.不到……不　　　Shewon'tgethometill(until)itgetsdark.assoonas一……就I'llcallyouassoonasIgettoBeijing.since自从……Hehaslivedheresince1980.表示条件if如果We'llgoforapicnicifitdoesn'train.unless除非，如果不　TheywillhaveapicnicunlessitrainsnextSunday.表示原因because因为Hedidn'tcomebecausehewasill.since既然Sincewehavegotreadyforit，let'ssetoff.as因为AsI'mnotathome，pleaseleaveamessage.表示 目的sothat以便于Hegotupearlysothathecouldgetthereintime.inorderthat为了Heworksharderinorderthathecangotoagoodcollege.表示结果so…that如此……以至于　……　　Theboxissoheavythatwecan'tcarryit.such…that如此……以至于　……　　Itissuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveitaway.表示让步though/although虽然Hewouldbehappythoughheshouldhavetolivealone.Heoftenhelpsothersalthoughheisnotrich.表示比较as像……一样Doasyoulike.as…as…和……一样HeranasfastasMike.notas…as不及……Itisn'taseasyasyouthink.than比……ShejumpedhigherthanRose.【特例清单】1．if意为“是否”时，引导宾语从句；意为“如果”时，引导条件状语从句。如：Couldyoutellmeifthey'llcometomorrow?Youcangoouttoplayifyourhomeworkisfinished.2．从属连词so…that…和such…that…都表示“如此……以至于……”，但用法不同：so…that…结构中的so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词；such…that…中的such为形容词，后面接名词(名词前可以有形容词或副词修饰)。试比较：Hewassuchacleverboythathethoughtoutaverygoodidea.＝Hewassocleveraboythathethoughtoutaverygoodidea. 【经典再现】11．Susanwillnotarriveattheairportontime__D__shehurriesup.(2008，河北)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．onceB．ifC．whenD．unless12．Ericarrivedontime,__A__itwastherushhour.(2014，河北)A．thoughB．becauseC．whileD．unless13．Peterlikesreadinganewspaper__B__heishavingbreakfast.(2010，河北)A．untilB．whileC．becauseD．though14.Theywilllosethegame__A__theytrytheirbest.(2011，河北)A．unlessB．onceC．sinceD．after15．Studyingingroupsisnecessary__A__youwanttodowellinschool.(2012，河北)A．ifB．untilC．unlessD．though16．Don'tcrosstheroad__D__thelightsturngreen.(2014，廊坊大城县模一)A．asB．whenC．whileD．until17．He'snotaperfectboy.Hesometimestalksback__C__hisparentstalkwithhim.(2014，济南)A．ifB．beforeC．whenD．until18．Youwillmissthebus__D__youhurryup.(2014，张家口市一模)A．becauseB．thoughC．untilD．unless19．I'llgiveallthefacts__B__youcantellbyyourself.(2014，新华区5月质检)A．orB．sothatC．thoughD．but20．—WillyoupleasegivethedictionarytoJane?—Sure，I'llgiveittoher__D__shearriveshere.(2014，唐山路南区一模)(2014，赤峰)A．beforeB．untilC．becauseD．assoonas(七)形容词和副词近几年河北中考对形容词和副词的考查重点是：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法，形容词的位置，意思相近或相同的形容词和副词之间的辨析和使用。近两年来中考加大了对这部分内容的考查，约占全卷总分的6%左右。形容词和副词常出现在以下题型中：单项选择，完形填空和词语运用等。预计2015年中考将继续考查形容词和副词用法的区别及它们比较级的用法。2011—2014年河北中考试题分析表形容词和副词年份题号题型分值201131，34，51，54，83单项选择，完形填空，词语运用5201231，33，42，49，51，52，83单项选择，完形填空，词语运用7201331，42，47，52，82单项选择，完形填空，词语应用5 201431，41，47，54，83单项选择，完形填空，词语应用5形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：修饰some，any，every，no和body，thing，one等构成的复合不定代词时nobodyabsent，everythingpossiblealive，alike，awake，aware，asleep等可以后置theonlypersonawake表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词abridge50meterslong形容词短语一般后置amandifficulttogetonwithelse修饰疑问词和不定代词时whatelse，somethingelse【特例清单】1．有些形容词只能作定语。如：little(小的)，only(唯一的)，wooden(木质的)，elder(年长的)，woolen(羊毛质的)等及复合形容词manmade(人造的)，kindhearted(好心的)，Englishspeaking(说英语的)，takeaway(可以带走的)等。2．有些形容词只能作表语。如：alone(孤独的)，asleep(睡着的)，awake(醒着的)，alive(活着的)，well(健康的)，ill(病的)，frightened(害怕的)等。3．有些形容词貌似副词。如：friendly(友好的)，lively(生动的)，lonely(孤独的)等。4．有些形容词和定冠词the连用，表示一类人或物。如：Weshouldrespecttheoldandlovetheyoung.It'snotpolitetolaughattheblindorthedeaf.5．enough修饰名词时既可以放在名词的前面，也可以放在其后面；然而，enough作状语修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在形容词或副词之后。如：Wehaveenoughtime(＝timeenough)tofinishthework.Heranfastenoughtocatchthebus.【经典再现】　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　1．—Bruce，howdidyoulikethemovieyousawlastnight?—Itwas__C__．Ileftthecinemahalfwaythroughit.(2014，廊坊市大城县模拟)A．originalB．specialC．boringD．creative2．Theflowersmells__B__andIlikeitverymuch.(2014，定州市一模)A．terribleB．goodC．wellD．beautiful3．—I'llnotbeJack'sfriendanymore.—Don'tbeangry.He'sjustso__A__，butinfacthe'sgoodtous,youknow.(2014，荆州)A．directB．helpfulC．politeD．brave4．—Canyoutellthedifferencesbetweenthesetwopictures？(2014，保定毕业考试)—Differences？Oh，no.Theylookquite__B__． A．singleB．similarC．silentD．simple5．Theairinthecountrysideis__C__．Somanypeoplefromthecitygothereonweekends.(2008，河北)A．softB．prettyC．freshD．delicious6．Marthaisa__B__girl.Shealwayssmilesandsayshellotoothers.(2012，河北)A．shyB．friendlyC．crazyD．healthy7．Thelightrailwaysandsubwaysmakeit__C__forpeopletotravelaroundChongqing.(2014，河北中考方舟预测二)A．easilyB．difficultC．easyD．hard8．—Somefilmsmadeathomearen'tinteresting，arethey?—No.ButIdon'tthinkeveryfilmfromHollywoodisworthseeing，andsomeofthemareas__D__asours.(2014，河北省方舟中考预测卷四)A．popularB．attractiveC．enjoyableD．boring9．Weallhopethatwecanliveina__C__worldandsaygoodbyetowarsforever.(2014，河北省方舟中考预测卷五)A．beautifulB．meaningfulC．peacefulD．natural10．—WhatcanIdoforyou，sir?—Haveyoustillhadanyrooms__B__inthehotel？Ineedadoubleroom.(2014，河北省方舟中考预测卷七)A．necessaryB．availableC．impossibleD．successful时间副词soon，now，early，finally，once，recently频度副词always，often，hardly，sometimes，never地点副词here，nearby，outside，upwards，above疑问副词how，where，when，why方式副词hard，well，fast，slowly，excitedly，really连接副词how，when，where，why，whether，however程度副词almost，nearly，very，fairly，quite，rather关系副词when，where，why　　【注意】地点副词、时间副词和方式副词放在句尾，它们同时出现时的顺序是：方式副词→地点副词→时间副词。如：Thestudentsaredoingtheexperimentscarefullyinthelabnow.【经典再现】11．Wecanhardlybelievethatyoulearntodanceso__B__.(2013，河北)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．quickB．quicklyC．usefulD．usefully12．—Didyoufindthesmallvillageyesterday?—Yes，withoutanydifficulty，forithas__A__changedoveryears.(2013， 海港区毕业升学模拟二)A．hardlyB．greatlyC．clearlyD．nearly13．Someanimalscanevenseethings__D__inthedark.(2012，河北)A．badB．badlyC．clearD．clearly14．Thebasketballmatchwasreallyfantastic,__A__whenShuHowLinscoredinthelastsecond.(2014，德州)A．especiallyB．probablyC．exactlyD．mostly15．—Don'tworry.Mymotherwilllookafteryourbaby__C__．—Thanksalot.(2013，石家庄42中一模)A．carefulenoughB．enoughcarefulC．carefullyenoughD．enoughcarefully16．Thetiredyoungmansat__D__inthechairandhadacupofcoffee.(2014，新华区5月质检)A．strongB．heavyC．hardlyD．heavily17．Thearticleis__D__moredifficultthanthatone，soIthinkIcanunderstanditwiththehelpofadictionary.(2014，滦南县一模)A．muchB．quiteC．veryD．alittle18．—How'sLucy'sEnglish？(2014，随州)—ShealwaysdoesverywellinherEnglishexams.Butshecan__C__understandEnglishradioprograms.A．alwaysB．alreadyC．hardlyD．easily19．Work__C__andyouwilldoitverywell.(2014，唐山路南区一模)A．carefulB．carelessC．carefullyD．carelessly20．—Mr.Smith，wouldyoupleasespeakalittlemore__D__？(2014，河北省方舟中考预测卷四)—Sorry！Ithoughtyoucouldfollowme.A．clearlyB．politelyC．seriouslyD．slowly考点三　规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级构成方法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加er，est。smallfastquicksmallerfasterquickersmallestfastestquickest以不发音的字母e结尾的单音节词加r，st。nicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节单词，先把y变为i，再加er，est。earlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiestredredderreddest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er，est。bigthinbiggerthinnerbiggestthinnest部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more，most。interestingimportantmoreinterestingmoreimportantmostinterestingmostimportant【经典再现】　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　21．Thetrainhasjustleft，weshouldgethere10minutes__A__．(2014，张家口市一模)A．earlierB．theearliestC．theearlierD．early22．—John，whoisthatboy?—Whichone？The__B__oneofthetwo？(2013，邯郸初中毕业摸底二)A．tallB．tallerC．tallestD．/23．Ofallthesubjects，chemistryseemstobe__D__forme.(2011，河北)A．difficultB．toodifficultC．moredifficultD．themostdifficult24．LinFangcomeshome__B__thanbeforethisterm.Shedoesn'thavesomanyclassesintheafternoon.(2014，重庆)A．earlyB．earlierC．lateD．later25．Welostthematchbecausetheyhad__A__players.(2014，唐山路南区一模)A．moreB．strongerC．fewerD．younger26．Wateristhecheapestdrink.Anditisalso__D__．(2014，河北)A．healthierB．healthiestC．thehealthierD．thehealthiest27．—Excuseme，Sir.Theshoesareabitsmallforme.(2014，秦皇岛海港区一模)—Don'tworry.I'llchangethemfora__C__size.A．largeB．verylargeC．largerD．largest28．IamsurprisedthatJohnisonly25.Ithoughthewas__B__，forheseemstobeinhisthirties.(2014，承德一模)A．oldB．olderC．youngD．younger29．Write__C__andtrynottomakeanymistakes.(2014，石家庄十八县市大联考)A．ascarefulaspossibleB．morecarefulC．ascarefullyasyoucanD．themostcareful30．Wouldyoupleasesayit__C__？Istillcan'tfollowyou.(2014，河北方舟中考预测卷一)A．moreslowB．muchslowC．moreslowlyD．muchslowly考点四　不规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstlittlelessleastmany/muchmoremostfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest【经典再现】31．—Yummy！Thiskindofsouptastesgood.—Yes.Itwilltaste__B__withsomepepper.(2013，保定毕业生摸底考试)　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．goodB．betterC．bestD．thebest32．Hewastheonewhodid__A__oftheworkandgotthemostofthemoney.Thatwasunfair.(2013，唐山路北二模)A．theleastB．lessC．fewerD．thefewest33．Nowtheairinourcityis__D__thanitusedtobe.Somethingmustbedonetostopit.(2014，保定市一模)A．verygoodB．muchbetterC．ratherbadD．evenworse34．—Helen，canIwearjeansandaTshirttotheeveningparty？(2014，邢台市一模)—OK.Butadressmightbe__A__．A．betterB．goodC．badD．worse35．Davidjumped__B__inthelongjump.Hewonthegame！(2008，河北)A．longestB．farthestC．fastestD．highest36．Inthepianocontest，mybrotherdidn'tdoverywellandIdid__D__．(2014，密州一模)A．verywellB．muchbetterC．verygoodD．evenworse37．Weworkharderthanbeforefora__D__result.(2014，石家庄新华区5月质检)A．niceB．bestC．goodD．better38．Youaredoinggreat！I'veneverhad__C__answerbefore.(2012，河北)A．betterB．bestC．abetterD．thebest39．Don'tjustbelievetheadvertisement.Thatkindofcamerais__B__itsaid.(2011，河北)A．asgoodasB．notasgoodasC．aswellasD．notaswellas40．Hisparentsofferedlotsofmoneytohim，butit's__A__thanheneeded.(2013，河北初中毕业押解)A．farlessB．farmoreC．morelessD．muchmore考点五　形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法 句型意义例句as＋形容词/副词原级＋as两者比较，程度相同。“as…as”结构前可以带表示程度的状语，像quite，almost，half，twice，nearly等。Thisbookisalmost/nearlyasthickasthatone.Hisabilityisnothalfashighasyours.notas(so)＋形容词/副词原级＋as两者相比，一方不及另一方。Thisvillageisn'tas(so)bigasthatone.Ididn'tdomyhomeworkascarefullyasyou.形容词/副词比较级＋than两者进行比较。Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.Sheusuallygetsupearlierthanothers.比较级＋and＋比较级“越来越……”，多音节词用moreandmore＋形容词或副词原级。Sheisgrowingfatterandfatter.Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.续表：句型意义例句the＋比较级，the＋比较级“越……，越……”，如果“the＋比较级”修饰名词作定语，名词要紧跟在比较级之后。Thebusiertheoldmanis，thehappierhefeels.Themoremoneyhegets，themorehewants.具体数字(如倍数)＋as…as…是……的……倍。Thecityistwotimesasbigasmyhometown.具体数字、实物、倍数等＋比较级＋than形容词与具体倍数等的比较。HeisaheadtallerthanI.Thiscityisthreetimeslargerthanthatone.形容词最高级＋介词短语(比较范围)(三者或三者以上)最……的。Heisthetallestboyinourclass.副词最高级＋介词短语(比较范围)(三者或三者以上)最……的。Heworkshardestinhisclass.【特例清单】1．“A＋谓语动词＋the＋比较级＋ofthetwo＋……”，表示“两者中较……的”。如：WangFeiisthetalleroneofthetwobrothers.2．“A＋谓语动词＋oneofthe＋最高级＋复数名词＋in/of短语”表示“……是最……的之一”。如：MissLiisoneofthemostpopularteachersinourschool.TheYangtzeRiverisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.3．“A＋谓语动词＋the＋序数词＋最高级＋名词＋in/of短语”表示“……是第……最……的”。如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.【经典再现】 41．It'snotas__A__asyesterdaysothereare______childrenplayingwiththeirparentsinthePeople'sSquare.(2014，滦南县一模)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．warm；fewerB．warm；lessC．warmer；fewerD．warmer；less42.Lucyisa(n)__D__student,sheanswerstheteachers'questions______inherclass.(2014，陕西)A．moreactive；moreactivelyB．active;moreactivelyC．moreactive；themostactivelyD．active;themostactively43.I'msurprisedthatJohnisonly25.Ithoughthewas__B__，forheseemstobeinhisthirties.(2014，保定毕业考试)A．oldB．olderC．youngD．younger44．—Whichdoyouprefer，musicorsports?—Both.Musicis__A__sportsamongus.(2014，长安区5月质检)A．aspopularasB．notaspopularasC．morepopularthanD．lesspopularthan45．Lucyisa__A__personIknow.Nooneis______thanher.(2014，廊坊市大城县一模)A．lazy；lazierB．lazier；lazierC．laziest；lazierD．thelaziest；lazier46．Shealwaysdoesherhomework__C__thanherbrother.(2009，河北)A．morecarefulB．carefulC．morecarefullyD．carefully47．Thistimehedidmuch__C__．Weareallproudofhim.(2014，石家庄长安区5月质检)A．goodB．wellC．betterD．best48．Nowadays，Chineseparentsthink__C__educationtheirchildrenget，______jobtheywillfind.(2014，河北省初中毕业预测卷一)A．thefurther；theworseB．thefarther；thebetterC．thefurther；thebetterD．thefarther；theworse49．LanzhouistheonlycapitalcitythattheYellowRiver，thesecond__B__riverinChina，passesthrough.(2013，兰州)A．longB．longestC．longerD．length50．IthinkZiboisbecoming__C__．(2013，淄博)A．morebeautifulandmorebeautifulB．moreandmorecleanerC．moreandmorebeautifulD．cleanandclean(八)动词的分类 河北中考在动词的分类方面着重考查情态动词的用法和动词短语的辨析以及连系动词在语境中的正确运用。各类动词的用法在河北中考历年的试题中的比重都不小，几乎所有的题型中都会见到。同时也毫无疑问地表明对各类动词或动词短语的掌握和运用是同学们复习的重点内容。2011—2014年河北中考试题分析表名词年份题号题型分值201128，35，36，47，50，84，85单项选择，完形填空，词语运用7201235，38，46，48，50，82单项选择，完形填空，词语运用6201334，41，46，53，55，83单项选择，完形填空，词语运用6201434，35，36，48，49，52，84单项选择，完形填空，词语运用7　　类别功能及用法例子行为动词及物动词vt.不及物动词vi.本身含有实在意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。可以接宾语不可以直接接宾语afford，buy，enjoy，keeparrive，cry，die，fall连系动词本身有一定的词义，但词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。be，smell，look，taste助动词本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、否定、疑问等。do，does，will，shall情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态，没有人称和数的变化。may，must，can，need【特例清单】1．不及物动词要接宾语，必须在不及物动词后加上适当的介词。如： Hediedofhunger.Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully.2．双宾语动词后面接两个宾语，直接宾语为动词直接涉及的事物；间接宾语往往指涉及的人。间接宾语有时可放在后面，由介词to或for引导，变成介词短语。◆以to引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：bring，give，leave，lend，offer，pass，play，read，send，show，take，teach，tell，write等。如：Couldyoulendyourdictionarytome?Shepassedthesalttohim.◆以for引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：bring，build，buy，cook，cut，fetch，find，get，keep，make，order，save，pick，take，等。如：Mothercooksbreakfastforuseveryday.I'llfetchachairforyou.【经典再现】1.—Excuseme.Howmuchdoesthemodelplane__D__？(2013，邯郸初中毕业二模)—It'snotexpensive.It'sonlythirtydollars.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．spendB．takeC．payD．cost2．—Whydon'tyoubuytheIpad4？(2013，邯郸一模)—It'stooexpensive.Ican't__A__it.A．affordB．borrowC．keepD．sell3．Youcan__B__thebookfortwoweeks，butyoumustreturnitontime.(2013，唐山路北区二模)A．borrowB．keepC．lendD．write4．I'msorryIhaven'tgotanymoney.I've__B__myhandbagathome.(2013，河北初中毕业押题〈蓝〉)A．missedB．leftC．putD．forgotten5．—Issupperready？(2013，石家庄28中模拟)—No，motheris__D__itreadynow.A．doingB．cookingC．burningD．getting6．—Howwastheconcertlastnight?—Itwassogood.Thoughit__D__nearlyfourhours,fewpeopleleftearly.(2014，荆州)A．coveredB．reachedC．playedD．lasted7．TheChinesenational,women'sbadmintonteam__A__theJapaneseteamby3∶1inIndiaonMay24.(2014，陕西)A．beatB．lostC．wonD．missed8．I__D__withyou.Thismovieisreallyboring.Let'schangethechannel.(2014，邢台市一模)A．watchB．learnC．joinD．agree9．Afterthestudents__A__theirexams，theycelebratedbyhavingaparty.(2014，定州市一模)A．passedB．failedC．joinedD．gave10．Shesaidshereturnedthebooktothelibrary.I'msureshe__B__．(2014，保定市二模) A．doesB．didC．isD．was常用连系动词词义例句be是I'magirlwithshorthair.become成为，变得MikebecomesinterestedinChinese.turn变得Mr.White'sfaceturnedred.续表：常用连系动词词义例句get变得Theweatherisgettingbad.smell闻起来Theflowerssmellnice.sound听起来Theplansoundsgood.taste尝起来Thesouptastesdelicious.stay保持Theshopstaysopentill8pm.grow成长，变得Herhairisgrowingwhite.keep保持Thegirlkeepssilentallthetime.feel感觉，摸起来Thecoatfeelsverysoft.look看起来Mymotherlooksveryyoung.注意1.连系动词不能单独作谓语，其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语。2．含连系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词do，does，did等。【经典再现】11.ThenewTshirt__C__soft.(2013，石家庄18县联考)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．soundsB．goesC．feelsD．tastes12．Thoughitisrainyandwindy，peopleinLushan__A__warminsidethetents.(2013，石家庄毕业班质检题)A．feelB．lookC．seemD．get13．—HowdoyoulikethefishIcookedforyou?—Ihaven'thadityet.However,it__D__good.(2014，菏泽)A．soundsB．feelsC．tastesD．smells14．—Lookatthepostcard.It'sfrommypenpalinNewYork.(2014，邯郸市二模)—Hmm…It__D__sobeautiful.A．smellsB．soundsC．feelsD．looks15．Idon'tlikehisstorybecauseit__D__terrible.(2014，长安区5月质检)A．tastesB．smellsC．feelsD．sounds16．Thiskindofbananas__D__nice.Iwanttotasteone.(2014，滦南县一模) A．soundB．smellC．looksD．tastes17．Thissilkdress__D__sosmooth.It'smadeinChina.(2009，河北)A．tastesB．smellsC．soundsD．feels18．Thissentence__B__right.Pleasewriteitdown.(2011，河北)A．feelsB．soundsC．tastesD．smells19．—Wherewouldyouliketospendyourholidays?—Athome.I__B__goodwhenIstaywithmyfamily.(2013，保定二模)A．smellB．feelC．tasteD．sound20．Childrenliketoplaywithtoyswhich__D__colorful.(2013，唐山路北一模)A．tasteB．smellC．soundD．look情态动词意义及用法例子may表示“请求许可”，意思是“可以，可能”，其一般疑问句的否定回答为mustn't。—MayIgooutandplayfootball?—No，youmustn't.表推测，意思是“可能”。Mr.Limaybeathome.can(could)表示“能力”，意思是“能，会”，否定形式为can't，couldn't。MikecanspeakalittleChinese.IcouldridethebikewhenIwas6yearsold.用在疑问句中，表示“征求意见”，could比can的语气更委婉、客气。Couldyoutellmesomethingaboutyourschool？表推测，常用在否定句和疑问句中。Hecan'tbeathome.HehasgonetoJapan.can用于一般现在时及一般过去时两种时态，beableto可以用于各种时态。Hecanspellthesewords.Hehasbeenabletodrawpicturesalready.must表示义务、命令或要求，意思是“必须，应该”，否定形式为mustn't，意思是“不应该，不允许”，表示警告。Youmustbecarefulnexttime.Youmustn'ttakephotoshere.表示推测，意为“必定”。Hemustbeintheroom.表示说话人的主观看法。Imustgohomenow.must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must，haveto；否定回答用needn't或don'thaveto。—MustIfinishthehomeworktoday?—No，youneedn't/youdon'thaveto.续表：情态动词意义及用法例子need 表示“需要”，多用于否定句。Heneedn'tworryaboutit.作实义动词，后接动词不定式。I'mverytiredandIneedtohavearest.【经典再现】21．—Listen！IsthatKateplayingthepianointheroom？(2006，河北)—No.It__D__beKate.ShehasgonetoLondon.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．maynotB．needn'tC．mustn'tD．can't22．—__D__youcomewithmetoLangLang'spianoconcertthisevening?—I'dloveto,butIhavetostudyformymathtest.(2014，广东)A．ShouldB．MayC．MustD．Can23．Thomas，pleasebequiet.Theothers__A__hearverywell.(2008，河北)A．can'tB．mustn'tC．shouldn'tD．needn't24．—Dowehavetofinishourhomeworkthisafternoon?—Yes，you__A__．(2010，河北)A．mustB．canC．mayD．need25．You__C__eatthesoupifyoudon'tlikeit.(2011，河北)A．shouldn'tB．mustn'tC．needn'tD．can't26．—Whoseisthepencilbox?—It__C__beTom's.Lookathisnameonthecover！(2012，河北)A．canB．mayC．mustD．need27．__A__IseeyourIDcard，sir？Wehavetocheckyourinformation.(2013，河北)A．MayB．MustC．ShouldD．Need28．—ShallItellJennyabouthersuccessinthecompetition?—No，you__D__．(2014，保定毕业升学试题)A．shouldn'tB．mustn'tC．couldn'tD．needn't29．InordertospeakEnglishbetter，we__B__beafraidofmakingmistakes.(2014，唐山市路北区一模)A．shouldB．shouldn'tC．havetoD．must30．Youneedn'twriteletterstoyourAmericanpal.You__A__chatwithheronline.(2014，石家庄长安区5月质检)A．canB．mustC．needD．haveto类别实例汉意动词 ＋副词addup加起来breakout爆发carryon坚持下去；继续下去changeinto转换成；变成cleanup清除；收拾干净clearup整理，收拾；(天气)放晴comeback回来；想起来comedown落下comein进入，进来cutdown砍倒cutoff切断cutup切碎eatup吃光，吃完fallbehind落在……后面；输给别人findout发现；查明getalong取得进展gettogether聚会，联欢getup起床giveaway分发；赠送giveback归还，送回givein屈服giveout分发；用完；耗尽giveup放弃goahead继续goaway走开，离去goon继续growup长大成人，成长handin上交；交纳handout分发holdon坚持；(打电话)别挂断续表：类别实例汉意动词＋副词keepon继续(进行)letin让……进来，放进 lookahead向前看lookup查找payback偿还(借款等)pickup拾起，捡起；开车接pointout指出，标明putoff推迟puton穿；戴上；上演putup举起；张贴startoff出发stayup熬夜takeoff脱下；起飞turndown/up声音调小/大turnoff/on关闭/打开wakeup唤醒，醒来watchout当心workout计算出动词＋介词agreewith赞同，同意(某人的看法)arriveat/in到达askfor请求；询问breakdown出毛病；损坏belongto属于breakinto破门而入callfor需要；呼吁carefor在乎，关心comefrom来自……dealwith处理；对付dependon/upon依靠；相信；依赖getover克服续表：类别实例汉意动词＋介词getto到达……goby走过，经过 goover仔细检查；复习knockat敲laughat嘲笑……learnfrom向……学习lookafter照顾lookat看……，观看……lookfor寻找looklike看起来像passby经过pointto指向……quarrelwith(和某人)争吵standfor代表(某事物)；支持stickto坚持talkabout谈论，议论thinkabout考虑thinkof想起，想出；认为waitfor等待动词＋副词＋介词addupto总计达catchupwith赶上comeupwith想出getalongwith相处goonwith继续进行keepawayfrom远离keepupwith跟上；和……保持联系lookdownon/upon看不起lookforwardto盼望lookoutof朝……外看makeupof由……组成，构成runoutof耗尽【特例清单】对于“动词＋副词”类的短语，如果是名词作宾语，那么这个名词既可以放在短语之间也可以放在短语的后面，但是如果是代词作宾语，则代词一定要放在短语之间。如：Heturnedoffallthelightswhenheleft.Hepickeditupandgaveittome.【经典再现】 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　31．Steven,weshould__D__thebusatthenextstop.(2014，河北)A．getupB．gettoC．getinD．getoff32．He__A__apieceofwastepaper，andputitintotherubbishbag.(2007，河北)A．pickedupB．threwawayC．lookedforD．handedin33．—HaveyouseenthefilmComingHomedirectedbyZhangYimou?—Notyet.I'm__C__seeingit.It'ssaidthefilmisgreat.(2014，潍坊)A．lookingdownonB．lookingoutofC．lookingforwardtoD．lookingupto34．Sally，__A__yoursunglasses.Thesunissobright.(2009，河北)A．putonB．putupC．putawayD．putdown35．Mike__A__hiscomputerandcheckedhisemail.(2010，河北)A．turnedonB．turnedoffC．turnedupD．turneddown36．Wouldyouplease__B__mybabybrotherwhileIamcooking？(2011，河北)A．takeoutofB．takecareofC．takepartinD．takeawayfrom37．__D__yournameonthepaperandyoucangetamagazine.(2012，河北)A．CutdownB．LookdownC．TurndownD．Writedown38．Please__D__thewaterwhenyoubrushyourteeth.(2013，河北)A．takedownB．turnupC．takeawayD．turnoff39．Hehasfailedseveraltimes，buthewon't__D__．(2014，石家庄十八县市大联考)A．goonB．comeonC．getupD．giveup40．IlovethissongbyFenghuangchuanqi.Wouldyou__B__theTVabit，please？Ican'thearitclearly.(2014，定州一模)A．turnonB．turnupC．turndownD．turnoff(九)动词的时态和语态近几年河北中考对动词时态的考查主要有以下八种时态，即一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、一般将来时和过去将来时，其中尤以一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时和现在进行时更为重要，是考查的重点。对动词语态的考查则主要是一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。预计2015年河北中考对动词时态的考查仍将以这四种时态为重点。对动词语态的考查则仍将以一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态为重点。另外含有情态动词的被动语态也应引起我们的重视。2011—2014年河北中考试题分析表 动词的时态和语态年份题号题型分值201138，40，42，44单项选择4201238，40，41，43，44，84单项选择，词语运用6201333，35，36，37，38，43，45，84单项选择，词语应用8201437，39，40，42，43，44，85单项选择，词语应用7种类谓语形式用法一般现在时1.动词原形2．主语是单数第三人称，谓语加s，es1.表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态。2．描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。3．在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。一般过去时动词的过去式1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。2．表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。3．用于虚拟语气中，表示与现在事实相反的情况。现在完成时have/has＋动词的过去分词1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。2．表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常与“for＋时间段”或“since＋表示过去的时间点或时间段”连用。续表：种类谓语形式用法一般将来时1.will/shall＋动词原形2．begoingto＋动词原形1.begoingto和will表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。主语一般是人。2．begoingto表示根据主观判断将来肯定要发生的事情，will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。主语可以是人也可以是物。3．在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时来代替将来时。4．一些表示位移的动词，如go，come，leave，arrive，fly，start，move等，常用现在进行时表将来。现在进行时am/is/are＋动词的现在分词1.表示说话时或目前正在进行的动作。2．与always，usually等词连用，表示赞扬、厌恶或不满的情绪。过去进行时was/were＋动词的现在分词表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。【特例清单】1．在时间、条件和让步状语从句中，如果主句谓语动词是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。如：We'llhaveapicnicifitisfinenextSunday.I'llcallyouassoonasIgettoBeijingtomorrow.2．某些表示起始、往返、出发、到达之意的动词，可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作(此时一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语)。这类动词有：begin，come，go，leave，start，arrive，end，stop，open，close等。如：Themeetingbeginsat2：00p.m.tomorrow.Thenexttrainleavesat7o'clockthisevening.3．现在完成时中表示短暂动作的动词不能与for，since等引导的时间状语连用。如与一段时间连用，则要把瞬间动词转化为意思相近的延续性动词。常见的变化有：非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbeopenclosebeclosedbegin/startbeoncomebeheregobetherefinishbeoverdiebedeadcatchacoldhaveacold续表：非延续性动词延续性动词putonwearwakeupawake fallasleepbeasleepjoinbeinleavebeaway如：误：I'veleftthisschoolfortenyears.正：I'vebeenawayfromthisschoolfortenyears.一般现在时与一般过去时【经典再现】1．—Youlookveryniceinyournewskirt.—Oh，really？I__B__itwhenitwasonsale.(2014，石家庄十八县市大联考)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．buyB．boughtC．haveboughtD．willbuy2．—CouldyoupleasetellPeterthatIwanttotalktohim？(2014，石家庄十八县市大联考)—Sure.Iwilllethimknowwhenhe__A__back.A．comesB．cameC．hascomeD．willcome3．Myfamily__A__suppertogethereveryday.It'sreallyahappytimeforallofus.(2014，邯郸市二模)A．haveB．hadC．arehavingD．willhave4．—Haven'tItoldyouthatyoushouldbehomeearlier?—Yes，butI__B__homeearlierthanIusuallydo.(2014，唐山市路南区一模)A．wascomingB．cameC．willcomeD．hadcome5.Pleasetellhimtocallmeassoonashe__B__home.(2014，定兴县一模)A．getB．getsC．gotD．willget6．Nancyquickly__B__thedoorandputdownherschoolthings.(2014，定兴县一模)A．opensB．openedC．hasopenedD．isopening7．Asweallknow,theSilkRoad__C__Chinatothewestinancienttimes.(2014，安徽)A．connectsB．willconnectC．connectedD．isconnecting8．—Whatdoyouoftendoatweekends?—Ioften__A__mygrandparents.(2014，北京)A．visitB．visitedC．havevisitedD．willvisit9．Lucy，comeandhavealookatmynewpictures.I__B__theminEurope.(2014，张家口一模)A．drawB．drewC．wasdrawingD．havedraw10．—HaveyouvisitedanyEuropeancountries?—Yes，I__A__SpainandItalytwoyearsago.(2014，邢台市一模) A．visitedB．havevisitedC．hadvisitedD．werevisited现在进行时与过去进行时【经典再现】11．—Excuseme.WhereisLily？(2014，丰南区一模)—Oh，she__D__thevolleyballmatchontheplaygroundwhenIsawherjustnow.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．watchesB．willwatchC．iswatchingD．waswatching12．—Ican'tfindDavid.Whereishe?—He__B__fortomorrow'scompetitionathome.(2014，石家庄十八县市大联考)A．preparesB．ispreparingC．haspreparedD．prepared13．Whileshe__D__TVinthesittingroom，thebellrang.(2014，石家庄十八县市大联考)A．watchesB．iswatchingC．watchedD．waswatching14．We__B__socceryesterdayafternoonwhenitbegantorain.(2014，长安区5月质检)A．wereplayB．wereplayingC．areplayingD．played15．—Youareinahurry.Whereareyougoing?—Tothecinema.Sue__C__formeoutside.(2014，江西)A．waitsB．waitedC．iswaitingD．waswaiting16.—Sandy，Icalledyouat9：30lastnight，butnobodyansweredthephone.—I'msorry.We__B__abirthdayparty______Jerry.(2014，唐山路南区一模)A．had；withB．werehaving；forC．arehaving；forD．had；for17．—Whatareyoubusydoingthesedays,MrsZhao?—I__B__mynewbornbaby.Youcan'timaginehowbusyIam.(2014，山西)A．lookafterB．amlookingafterC．lookedafterD．willlookafter18．Whenyoucomebackfromyourtrip，we__C__todiscusstheproblem.(2014，邢台市一模)A．meetsB．meetC．weremeetingD．willmeet19．—Whatwereyoudoingwhenwewereplayingbasketballyesterdayafternoon?—I__A__theclassroom.(2014，北京)A．wascleaningB．havecleanedC．willcleanD．clean20．—Icalledyouyesterdayevening，butnobodyansweredthephone.—Oh，I__B__awalkwithmyparentsatthattime.(2014，张家口一模)A．tookB．wastakingC．amtakingD．take 一般将来时【经典再现】21．—IsthatJackspeaking?—Sorry，he__A__in.He______backinhalfanhour.(2014，滦南县一模)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．isn't；willbeB．wasn't；willC．isn't；isD．wasn't；was22．Infiveyears，I__A__adoctor.(2014，承德一模)A．willbeB．wasC．amD．be23．Teenagerslikesaying，“Leavemealone，I__C__．”(2014，石家庄新华区5月质检)A．havegrownupB．amgrowingupC．willgrowupD．grewup24．Attention，please！There__D__afootballgamebetweenClass1andClass2nextMonday.(2014，石家庄十八县市大联考)A．isgoingtohaveB．hasbeenC．hasD．willbe25．Soonyou__B__aseniorhighschoolstudent.Isn'titexciting？(2014，定兴县一模)A．becomeB．willbecomeC．becameD．havebecome26.Don'tdrinkanybeer，foryou__D__homeaftertheparty.(2014，张家口市一模)A．driveB．droveC．aredrivingD．willdrive27．Mycomputerisbroken.I__B__itinaminute.(2013，保定二模)A．repairB．willrepairC．repairedD．amrepairing28．TheexchangestudentsfromEngland__D__inChinainaweek.(2013，石家庄42中一模)A．arriveB．havearrivedC．arearrivingD．willarrive29．—Jim，haveyouturnedoffthelight?—Oh，sorry.I__A__toturnitoffrightnow.(2013，唐山路北二模)A．willgoB．goC．havegoneD．went30．I'msorryIleftthebookathome.I__B__ittoyoubypost，Ipromise.(2013，保定一模)A．sendB．willsendC．sentD．havesent现在完成时【经典再现】31．Tereseaisn'tathome.Ithinkshe__A__tothesupermarket.(2014，邢台市一模)　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．hasgoneB．hasbeen C．wentD．goes32．—I'dliketointroducemybestfriendtoyou，Peter.(2014，唐山路南区一模)—Thankyou，Lucy.Butwe__D__already.A．meetB．metC．willmeetD．havemet33．Myfather__D__onbusinessfortwoweeks.He'llreturnnextweek.(2014，承德一模)A．leftB．hasleftC．hasgoneD．hasbeenaway34．Astheroadtotheairportisunderrepair,wewillhaveto__D__earlytogetthereintime.A．turnoffB．takeoffC．putoffD．setoff35．—Iwon'tgotoseethefilmtonight，becauseI__C__myticket.—Oh，whatapity！Maybeyouhavetobuyanotherone.(2014，滦南县一模)A．lostB．willloseC．havelostD．didn'tlose36．Withpeople'slivingstandardimproving，greatchangesindailylife__B__recently.(2014，河北省方舟中考预测卷二)A．tookplaceB．havetakenplaceC．hastakenplaceD．havebeentakenplace37．—Where__B__John______？—Tothelibrary.He______thereforanhour.(2014，河北省方舟中考预测卷六)A．has，been；hasgoneB．has，gone；hasbeenC．did，go；wentD．did，be；went38．Mycousinisasecretary.She__C__inthatcountryforoversixyears.(2014，河北省方舟中考预测卷八)A．willworkB．isworkingC．hasworkedD．work39．Don'treturnthevideotoPeter，I__C__it.(2013，河北)A．don'twatchB．won'twatchC．haven'twatchedD．wasn'twatching40．Bothhisparentslooksad，maybethey__C__whathappenedtohim.(2013，唐山路南区二模)A．knowB．knewC．haveknownD．willknow时态被动语态例句一般现在时am/is/are＋动词的过去分词Theflowersareoftenwateredbyher.一般过去时was/were＋动词的过去分词Afarmwasvisitedyesterdaybyus.一般将来时will/shall＋be＋动词的过去分词Sometreeswillbeplantedthisweekbyher. 现在进行时am/is/are＋being＋动词的过去分词Anovelisbeingreadbyhim.续表：时态被动语态例句现在完成时have/hasbeen＋动词的过去分词Hisroomshavebeencleanedbyhim.过去进行时was/werebeing＋动词的过去分词Hisroomswerebeingcleanedbyhimthen.过去完成时hadbeen＋动词的过去分词Hisroomshadbeencleanedbyhimthen.过去将来时would/shouldbe＋动词的过去分词Hisroomswouldbecleanedbyhimthenextday.含情态动词情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedintime.【特例清单】1．open，lock，write，read，sell，clean，wash，cut，drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表示被动意义。如：Thiskindofshirtsellswellhere.2．look，sound，taste，smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如：Schooluniformslookgoodonus.Thecakesmellsdelicious.【经典再现】41．Annie__C__totheparty.Shehadawonderfultimewithus.(2013，河北)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．invitesB．isinvitedC．wasinvitedD．hasinvited42．Thechildren__B__toswimlastmonthandtheycanswimverywellnow.(2006，河北)A．aretaughtB．weretaughtC．havetaughtD．taught43．We__D__toclosethewindowsbeforeweleftthelab.(2007，河北)A．tellB．toldC．aretoldD．weretold44．Thepetdogiswarmandloving.It__D__asadaughterofmyfamily.(2014，河北)A．treatsB．treatedC．wastreatedD．istreated45．Don'tputofftoday'sworkfortomorrow.Imean，today'swork__D__today.(2009，河北)A．maydoB．mustdoC．maybedoneD．mustbedone46．—Tellmeonethingyou'veproudofinyourjuniorhighschool,Tony.—I__C__asacaptainoftheschoolfootballteam.(2014，嘉兴)A．chooseB．choseC．waschosenD．amchosen 47．TheSpringFestival__B__inJanuaryorFebruary.(2011，河北)A．celebratesB．iscelebratedC．celebratedD．wascelebrated48．Moremoney__D__whenweusebothsidesofpaper.(2012，河北)A．willsaveB．wassavedC．hassavedD．willbesaved49．Anyoneunder18__C__todrivewhenIwasinthatcountry.(2014，路北区一模)A．doesn'tallowB．haven'tallowedC．isn'tallowedD．wasn'tallowed50.Lastmonth,manytrees__D__alongthestreetstomakeourcitymorebeautiful.(2014，淮安)A．plantB．plantedC．areplantedD．wereplanted种类构成例句主动语态中省去to的动词变为被动语态时，省去的to要加上。Theworkersweremadetowork12hoursaday.含双宾语的动词把指人的宾语变为主语时，指物的宾语仍保留在谓语之后；指物的宾语变为主语时，指人的宾语前要加相应的介词。Iwasgivenapresent.Apresentwasgiventome.含短语的动词短语是“动词＋介词”或“动词＋副词”时，变被动语态时，介词、副词不能丢。Theyoungmanwassentawayfromschool.【经典再现】51．Tomisoftenmade__C__fortwelvehoursadaybytheboss.(2014，石家庄十八县市大联考)A．workB．workingC．toworkD．tobeworking52．—Hey，Molly.You__C__onthephonejustnow.Butyouweren'thereandthemanleftaphonenumber.(2014，唐山市路南区一模)—Oh？Iwasinthelibrary.A．wantedB．arewantedC．werewantedD．havewanted53．—Marywasheard__D__justnow.Whathappened?—Joewastellinghersomejokes.(2014，随州)A．cryB．laughC．tocryD．tolaugh54．Thestudentsinthisschoolaremade__B__schooluniformsonMonday.(2014，内江)A．wearingB．towearC．wearD．worn55．Theoldover90__B__notonlybytheirfamilybutalsobythegovernmentinmanyplaces.(2012，阜康、米泉)A．islookedatB．aretakengoodcareof C．aretakengoodcareD．islookingafter(十)非谓语动词河北中考对非谓语动词的考查主要包括以下几个方面：1.动词不定式作宾语；2.动词不定式作目的状语；3.动名词作主语、宾语、宾语补足语等；4.不带to的动词不定式；5.动词不定式作宾语补足语。非谓语动词的用法灵活多变，系统性、综合性较强，要认真领悟它们的内涵，需要有句子结构方面的语法知识以及扎实的动词知识。预计2015年河北中考对非谓语动词的考查，不定式仍是考查热点。考生应该牢固掌握一些动词固定搭配的用法。2011—2014年河北中考试题分析表非谓语动词年份题号题型分值201132单项选择1201237单项选择1201339单项选择1201433单项选择1功能例句主语TospeakEnglishwellisn'taneasyjob.宾语Theydecidedtochangetheirmind.宾语补足语Hehelpsthelittlegirltofinishherhomeworkeveryday.定语Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.表语Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthechildren.状语目的Everymorninghegetsupveryearlytoexercise.结果Hereturnedhometogethisschoolbag.【特例清单】1．不定式作宾语(1)一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wouldlike，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?(2)在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.(3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式，如：whynotdo…，hadbetter(not)do…，wouldratherdo，could/would/willyouplease(not)do…等。如：Iwouldratherstayathome.2．不定式作宾语补足语(a)不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.(b)tell，ask，want，allow，get，wouldlike，encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.【注意】　还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、一帮(help)、二听(hear，listento)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(lookat，see，watch，notice)。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。3．不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。(2)如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：Thereisnothingtoworryabout.【经典再现】1．Thechildrendecide__B__theirschoolyardthisFridayafternoon.(2013，河北)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．cleanB．tocleanC．cleaningD．cleaned2．__A__abookinthelibrary，enterakeywordintothecomputer.(2012，河北)A．TofindB．FindC．TowriteD．Write3．Wearegoingforapicnictomorrow.I'llcallWendytomakesure__B__．(2008，河北)A．whytostartB．whentostartC．whattostartD．whichtostart4．Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomething__B__theold.(2009，河北)A．servedB．toserveC．serveD．serves5．Wheneveryouhaveachance__B__English，youshouldtakeit.(2011，河北)A．speakB．tospeakC．spokeD．speaks6．Jenny,youshouldpracticeasoftenasyoucan__A__thepianocompetition.(2014，宁波)A．towinB．winC．failD．tofail7．Nobodyunderstoodhimsohestopped__A__inanotherway.(2014，廊坊市大城县模拟卷)A．toexplainB．complainingC．andexplainD．explained8．Sometimes，somestudentsrefuse__C__exercisesorhomework.(2014，石家庄新华区二模)A．finishB．finishingC．tofinishD．havefinished9．Wedon'tknow__C__next.Let'sgoandaskMr.Li.(2014，定兴县一模)A．whethertodoB．howtodoC．whattodoD．wheretodo10．Howkindyouare！Youalwaysdowhatyoucan__C__me.(2014，定兴县一模)A．helpB．helping C．tohelpD．helps结构例句too…to结构Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.not＋不定式Theteachertoldthestudentsnottoplaysoccerontheroad.疑问词＋不定式主语Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.宾语Hedidn'tknowwhattosay.表语Thequestioniswheretofindthewater.for＋名词(代词的宾格)＋不定式Itisnecessaryforustolearnfromeachother.of＋名词(代词的宾格)＋不定式ItisverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.【特例清单】1．动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It＋be＋adj.＋(for/ofsb.)＋动词不定式。如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It'simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.【注意】　在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.It'sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.2．不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.【经典再现】11．—I'dliketotakeatriptoBeijing.Canyougivemeanyideasabout__B__？—IcantellyouabouttheplacesI'vevisited.(2013，唐山路北区二模)A．wheregoB．wheretogoC．whentogoD．whengo12．Wehavetworooms__C__，butIdon'tdecide______.(2013，唐山路南区一模)A．tolive；whichonetochooseB．lived；choosewhichoneC．tolivein；whichonetochooseD．live；whichone13．Weshoulddoeverythingwecan__B__theenvironment.(2013，河北初中毕业基础与能力评价)A．protectB．toprotectC．protectingD．protected14．Ifindituseful__D__alongtheSilkRoad.Itisabouthistoryandculture.(2013，保定摸底)A．travelsB．traveling C．travelledD．totravel15．Somanykindsofsweets！Ireallycan'tdecide__B__.(2014，保定定兴县毕业升学)A．whattobuyB．whichtobuyC．tobuywhichD．tobuywhat16．—Ihaven'tseenmygrandparentsforlong.I'mtoobusy__A__themthesedays.(2014，凉山)—Whynotcalltheminstead?A．tovisitB．visitC．visitingD．visits17．Girlstudentsinourschoolarenotallowed__B__longhair.(2014，唐山路南区一模)A．havingB．tohaveC．hadD．have18．Theyhoped__D__thesecretforever.(2014，邯郸市二模)A．keepB．keptC．keepingD．tokeep19．Cathy，Tony'sgranddaughter，aneightyearoldgirl，advisedhim__C__smoking.(2014，张家口一模)A．giveupB．gaveupC．togiveupD．givingup20．It'sdangerous__D__acloselookatthetigerinthezoo.(2013，宿迁)A．forustakingB．ofustotakeC．ofustakingD．forustotake功能例句主语Skatingonthethiniceisdangerous.宾语Ifinisheddoingmyhomework.表语Thenurse'sjobislookingafterthepatients.定语Sheisreadinginthereadingroom.宾语补足语Hekeptthemachinerunningfortenhours.状语Theywentoutoftheclassroom，talkingandlaughing.【特例清单】1．英语中一些词后常跟动名词作宾语，初中阶段这类词有：finish(完成)，mind(介意)，beworth(值得)，bebusy(忙于)，practice(练习)，havefun(玩得高兴)，feellike(想要)，beusedto(习惯于)，consider(考虑)，enjoy(喜欢)等。2．几组动词接不定式及动名词辨析：(1)stopdoing/stoptodostopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停止、中断做某事后去做另一件事(2)forgetdoing/forgettodoforgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(事情已做)forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事(事情没做)(3)rememberdoing/remembertodorememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(事情已做) remembertodosth.记得要去做某事(事情没做)(4)trydoing/trytodotrydoingsth.尝试着去做某事trytodosth.设法或努力去做某事(5)goondoing/goontodogoondoingsth.继续不停地做同一件事情goontodosth.做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事(6)allowdoingsth./allowsb.todosth.allowdoingsth.允许做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事(7)regretdoing/regrettodoregretdoingsth.对做过的事情感到遗憾、后悔(已做)regrettodosth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)【经典再现】21．Iknowit'snotimportant，butIcan'thelp__C__aboutit.(2013，石家庄28中质检题)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．tothinkB．andthinkC．thinkingD．think22．—HowcanIimprovemyspokenEnglish?—Youhavetopractice__B__asmuchasyoucan.(2014，长安区毕业考试)A．writingB．speakingC．toreadD．tolisten23．—Wouldyoumind__B__inthedininghall?—Ofcoursenot.(2013，宜宾)A．nottosmokeB．notsmokingC．smokeD．notsmoke24．Ispent$5__C__thisbook.(2013，雅安)A．inB．tobuyC．buyingD．buy25．—Grandpahaschangedalot.(2014，黄冈)—Sohehas.Hespendsmoretimethanheusedto__C__gameswiththechildren.A．playB．playedC．playingD．plays26．—Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?—Iusedto__A__dumplings,butthesedays,I'musedto______breadandmilk.(2014，随州)A．eat；havingB．eating；havingC．eating；haveD．eat；have27．—Canyoufinish__D__thesebooksbefore10o'clock?—Yes，Ican.(2013，雅安)A．toreadB．readC．readsD．reading28．—Who'stheboyinwhiteTshirt__D__underthetree?—Myfriend.(2013，安顺)A．standB．tostand C．stoodD．standing29．Paullooksforwardto__B__hispenpalassoonaspossible.(2014，梅州)A．meetB．meetingC．meetsD．met30．—Wouldyoulike__B__campingwithme?—I'dliketo.ButI'mbusy______myhomework.(2013，滨州)A．togo；todoB．togo；doingC．going；todoD．going；doing(十一)简单句和并列句近几年对简单句的考查主要体现在对陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句上，对并列句的考查主要是并列句的构成、并列连词和从属连词。预计2015年对简单句的考查仍以感叹句、反意疑问句为主，对并列句的考查以并列连词和从属连词为主。2011—2014年河北中考试题分析表名词年份题号题型分值201139单项选择1201229，32单项选择2201332，40单项选择2201432单项选择1构成类型例句由一个主语(含并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成1.S＋ViAnaccidenthappenedyesterday.2.S＋V＋PYourideasoundsgood.3.S＋Vt＋OWewanttoseehim.4.S＋Vt＋O＋OMyfathermademeakite.5.S＋Vt＋O＋CHemadeusstandhere.考点二　陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句分类用途例句陈述句肯定肯定的陈述，表示“是如此”Theyusuallygotoschoolbybike.Igetupatsixo'clockinthemorning.否定否定的陈述，表示“不是如此”Theywon'tgototheparktomorrow.Ican'tspeakalittleChinese.疑 问句一般疑问句询问一件事或情况是否属实Isthisyourschoolbag?HaveyoubeentoShanghai？特殊疑问句针对句子某一具体成分提问Whatdoesyourfatherdo?WhereisMikefrom？选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上的情况供对方选择—Isyourfriendaboyoragirl?—Heisaboy.反意疑问句由陈述句＋简短问句组成，问话者欲对陈述句部分的内容做进一步证实—Thereisabookonthedesk，isn'tthere?—Yes，thereis./No，thereisn't.祈使句表示命令、请求、建议、劝告等Comein，please.Let'sgotoschool.感叹句表示惊讶、喜悦、愤怒等感情，常用what或how引导Whatbeautifulflowers!Howcleverthegirlis！【特例清单】1．否定的一般疑问句通常以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头，往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。作简略回答时也要用yes或no，但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。如：—Don'tyouhearofthat？你没有听说过吗？—Yes，Ido.不，我听说过。—No，Idon't.是的，我没有听说过。2．特殊的反意疑问句(1)当陈述部分含有否定意义的词如hardly，few，little，no，nobody，noone，nothing等时，附加疑问部分须用肯定形式。但若陈述部分含有带否定前缀如im，un，in，dis等的派生词，仍作为肯定结构，附加疑问句部分用否定句。(2)Iam…反意疑问句附加疑问句部分应为aren't。(3)如果陈述部分是肯定或否定的祈使句，疑问部分须用willyou。(4)当陈述部分是let'sdosth.时，疑问部分须用shallwe来反问；而当陈述部分是letsb.dosth.等时，疑问部分仍然用willyou来反问。(5)当陈述部分主语是不定代词nobody，somebody，noone等时，疑问部分须用复数代词they，也可以用he；当陈述部分主语是不定代词nothing，something时，疑问部分须用代词it。(6)若陈述部分为therebe句型，附加疑问部分仍用there。3．不能出现在同一个句子里的连词(1)because(因为)，so(所以)不能出现在同一个句子里，只能用其一。(2)(al)though(虽然)，but(但是)不能出现在同一个句子里，只能用其一。但though可以与still或yet连用。如：Thoughhewastired，hestillworkedhard.陈述句和疑问句【经典再现】 1．—What'syouruncle?—__A__．(2014，长安区质检)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．AworkerB．HeisniceC．SheisanurseD．Working2．—__C__doesyourbrotherplaytennisafterwork?—EverySaturday.(2014，张家口市一模)A．HowlongB．HowsoonC．HowoftenD．Howfar3．He'sflowntoQingdaoforsummerholidays，__C__he？(2006，河北)A．isn'tB．wasn'tC．hasn'tD．doesn't4．Youboughtanewcomputerlastweek，__C__you？(2007，河北)A．aren'tB．don'tC．didn'tD．haven't5．—__B__willyougraduatefromyourmiddleschool?—Inaboutonemonth.(2014，邯郸市二模)A．HowfarB．HowsoonC．HowoftenD．Howlong6．—Whenwillyoufinishyourhomework，Jack?—__D__．(2014，石家庄长安质检)A．ForhalfanhourB．AfteranhourC．BythehalfhourD．Inanhour7．—__A__willthemeetingbegin?—Infiveminutes.(2014，唐山市路南区二模)A．HowsoonB．HowoftenC．HowlongD．Howfast8．—__B__didyoupayfortheCD?—Onlyninedollars.(2012，河北)A．HowmanyB．HowmuchC．HowlongD．Howoften9．—__B__doesMrs.Liwashhercar?—Onceaweek.(2014，定州一模)A．HowlongB．HowoftenC．HowforD．Howsoon10．—Haven'tyouheardfromyoursister?—__A__．Shewrotealettertomelastweek.(2014，河北省方舟中考预测卷二)A．Yes，IhaveB．No，Ihaven'tC．Yes，IdidD．No，Ididn't祈使句【经典再现】11．__A__hard，oryoucan'tpasstheEnglishexam.(2014，河北省方舟中考预测卷五)A．WorkB．ToworkC．WorkingD．Worked 12．Mike，__C__throwitonthefloor，putitintothelitterbasket.(2013，邯郸一模)A．notB．doesn'tC．don'tD．can't13．__A__playwithfire.______withfireisdangerous.(2014，梅州)A．Don't；PlayingB．Not；PlayingC．Don't；PlayD．Notto；Toplay14．—Don'tforgettogivemybestwishestoyouruncle.—__B__．(2013，烟台)A．No，Idon'tB．No，Iwon'tC．Yes，IdoD．Yes，Iwould15．—Besuretocalmdownandreadeverysentencecarefully!—__A__．(2013，白银)A．OK，I'lldoitB．NevermindC．It'sOKD．Notatall16．Tellmethewaytothecinema，__A__you？(2013，泸洲)A．willB．needC．shallD．may17．—Pleasedon'tthrowpaperontheground.—__C__，Iwon't.(2013，徐州)A．ExcusemeB．That'sallrightC．SorryD．Itdoesn'tmatter18．__A__wakeupyoursister,Ben.Sheneedsagoodsleep.(2014，重庆)A．Don'tB．Doesn'tC．Aren'tD．Can't19．—__C__keepwaterrunningwhenyouarebrushingyourteeth.—OK.Iknowwemustsaveeverydropofwater.A．WhynotB．PleaseC．Don'tD．Stop20．—Whatcanwedotodealwiththeproblem?—Let'sdiscussitafterthemeeting，__D__？A．willyouB．don'tweC．won'tyouD．shallwe感叹句【经典再现】21．__A__prettyyourdressis！Wheredidyougetit？(2007，河北)A．HowB．HowaC．WhatD．Whata22．__B__wonderfulmovie！Welikeitverymuch.(2008，河北)A．WhatB．WhataC．HowD．Howa23．Marygotgoodgradesinschool.__C__excitedsheis！(2009，河北)A．WhatB．WhataC．HowD．Howa24．LookatthephotooftheSmiths.__A__happytheyare！(2011，河北)A．HowB．WhatC．HowaD．Whata25．__D__greatpicture！Whopaintedit？(2013，河北)A．HowB．WhatC．HowaD．Whata26．__B__niceflowers！Wheredidyoupickthem？(2014，廊坊市大城县)A．HowB．WhatC．WhataD．Howa27．__C__hardthefarmersareworkinginthefield！(2014，保定毕业考试) A．WhatB．WhataC．HowD．Howa28．__B__interestingnewsreporthegaveus！(2014，张家口一模)A．WhataB．WhatC．WhatanD．How29．__C__fatsheeptheyare！(2014，唐山路北区一模)A．HowB．HowaC．WhatD．Whata30．__B__heisspeaking！Ican'tfollowhim.A．HowslowB．HowfastC．HowsoonD．Whatslowly构成意义常用连词简单句＋并列连词＋简单句表示引申和并列and，notonly…butalso，aswellas，neither…nor表示选择or，either…or表示转折but，while，only表示缘由for，so…【特例清单】and和or用于否定句中(1)当列举成分是主语，又在否定词前时，用and连接，而当列举成分在否定词之后时，用or构成完全否定。如：LucyandLilycan'tspeakChinese.Ican'tsingordance.(2)在否定句中，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，那么用and不用or连接。如：Thereisnowaterandnoaironthemoon.【经典再现】31．JennyhasleftforBeijing，__B__nobodyknowswhensheleft.(2013，石家庄18县模拟联考)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．andB．butC．soD．or32．Nancylookedaround，__D__didn'tseeanybody.(2014，承德市兴隆县一模)A．soB．andC．orD．but33．Shewenttotheshops__A__couldn'tfindanythingthatcouldfitherneeds.(2014，邢台市一模)A．butB．orC．sothatD．since34．Carryon，__B__youwon'treachthetop.(2014，河北省中考方舟预测卷三)A．andB．orC．butD．so35．Tonywantedtotakesomegoodphotos，__C__helosthiscamera.(2014，河北省中考方舟预测卷四)A．andB．orC．butD．so(十二)复合句 近几年对复合句的考查主要包括宾语从句(包括直接引语与间接引语的互换)、状语从句和定语从句。预计2015年对宾语从句的考查仍然会是宾语从句的语序和时态，状语从句中连词的选择和时态；对定语从句的考查重点是关系代词的选用。2011—2014年河北中考试题分析表名词年份题号题型分值201143，45单项选择2201236，45单项选择2201335，44，48单项选择，完形填空3201438，45单项选择2在句子中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。学习宾语从句要注意三个方面：连接词、语序和时态。1．连接词宾语从句的连接词及其作用和例句见下表：连接词作用例句that本身无意义，在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，常常可以省略。Kimsaid(that)hewouldgotoCanadathenextmonth.if，whether意为“是否”，在从句中不充当句子成分，但不能省略。Heaskedmeif/whetherJanewasgoodatswimming.what，who，whose，whom，which在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语等，不能省略。Iwonderwhattheyaregoingtodothisweekend.when，where，why，how在从句中作状语，不能省略。Doyouknowhowtheyfoundthemuseum？2.语序宾语从句必须是陈述句语序。当把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意宾语从句的语序。如：WhenwillMrBlackcomeback？Doyouknow？→DoyouknowwhenMrBlackwillcomeback?3．时态宾语从句的时态一般与主句的时态保持一致：如果主句是现在的某种时态，则宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定；如果主句是过去的某种时态，则宾语从句一般要用相应的过去的某种时态。如：Irememberheboughtabagyesterday.Mybrothertoldmethathewouldjoinachessclub.【注意】　如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时， 不管主句的谓语动词是什么时态，宾语从句的谓语动词一律使用一般现在时。如：Hetoldmethattheearthisround.【经典再现】1．Thepolicemanwantedtotakethelittlegirlhome，sohewondered__D__．(2014，保定毕业试题)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．howshecamehereB．whyshecamehereC．whosheliveswithD．whereshelived2.Ididn'tunderstand__C__，soIraisedmyhandtoask.(2007，河北)A．whatmyteachersaysB．whatdoesmyteachersayC．whatmyteachersaidD．whatdidmyteachersay3．Youaregrowingsofast.Canyoutellme__D__now？(2008，河北)A．howfastareyouB．howfastyouareC．howtallareyouD．howtallyouare4．Thenewdesignedcarisonshownow.Iwonder__C__.(2009，河北)A．howmuchitcostB．howmuchdiditcostC．howmuchitcostsD．howmuchdoesitcost5．YourTshirtissocool.Couldyoutellme__C__？(2010，河北)A．whereyoubuyitB．wheredoyoubuyitC．whereyouboughtitD．wheredidyoubuyit6．Jennyisonholidaynow.Iwonder__A__．(2011，河北)A．whenshewillcomebackB．whenshecamebackC．whenwillshecomebackD．whendidshecameback7．Ourteachersalwaysgiveusgoodadvice.Weshouldfollow__B__．(2012，河北)A．whattheysayB．whattheysaidC．whichtheysayD．whichtheysaid8．Ifyoucan'tfindtheplace，Iwillshowyou__C__．(2013，河北)A．whatitisB．whatitwasC．whereitisD．whereitwas9．—Doyouknow__C__？—Paris.Hewentthereyesterdaytotakepartinanimportantmeeting.(2014，唐山路北区)A．wheredidJohngoB．whatdidJohndoC．whereJohnisD．whereJohnisgoing10．Theywantedtoknow__D__thesportsmeeting.(2014，丰南区一模)A．whenwilltheyhaveB．whentheywillhaveC．whenwouldtheyhaveD．whentheywouldhave 　　状语从句时间状语从句when/while/as，before，after，since，until，assoonasShewascookingwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.HeoftenwenttotheconcertwhilehestayedinBerlin.Ididn'tgotobeduntilshecameback.条件状语从句if，aslongas，unlessI'llgotoseeyouifIhavetime.TheywillhaveapicnicunlessitrainsnextSunday.原因状语从句because，since，as，forHedidn'tcatchthefirstbusbecausehegotuptoolate.Weshouldstudyhardsincewearestudents.状语从句目的状语从句sothat，inorderthatPleasesayitinaloudvoicesothateveryonecanhearit.结果状语从句sothat，so…that/such…thatIt'ssohotthatwewanttogoswimming.Itissuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveitaway.让步状语从句though/although，even，ifHewouldnotbehappythoughheshouldhavetolivealone.比较状语从句than，as…as，notas/so…asHeranasfastasMike.【经典再现】11．Themanager__D__nothingaboutthematter______hereadhissecretary'sreport.(2014，河北省中考方舟预测卷一)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．hadknown；whenB．hasknown；beforeC．willknow；afterD．knew；until12．Ifshe__D__takeenoughexerciseshewillbefatterandfatter.(2014，廊坊市大城县) A．isn'tB．don'tC．won'tD．doesn't13．Manystudentsdidn'trealizetheimportanceofstudy__B__theyleftschool.(2014，滦南县一模)A．whenB．untilC．afterD．unless14．IwaswatchingTV__C__mybrotherwaswritinganemailathomeatthistimelastnight.(2014，梅州)A．assoonasB．afterC．whileD．until15．—WillyoupleasegivethedictionarytoJane?—Sure，I'llgiveittoherassoonasshe__D__here.(2014，定州一模)A．isarrivingB．hasarrivedC．willarriveD．arrives16．We__C__shoppingunlessit______tomorrow.(2014，丰南区一模)A．willgo；willrainB．go；willrainC．willgo；rainsD．go；rains17．I'mgoingtotakehimtosomefamoushutongs__C__hecanlearnmoreaboutChina.(2014，盐城)A．becauseB．whenC．sothatD．asif18．Thecityparkwillbecleaner__B__peoplestopdroppinglitterhereandthere.(2014，河北省中考方舟预测卷二)A．whileB．ifC．unlessD．before19．Ireallyenjoyedyourlecture，__C__thereweresomepartsIdidn'tunderstand.(2014，河北省中考方舟预测卷三)A．becauseB．unlessC．thoughD．after20．Susanwon'tarriveattheairportontime__D__shehurriesup.(2014，河北省中考方舟预测卷四)A．onceB．ifC．orD．unless关系代词/关系副词作用先行词例句that，who，whomthat，who在从句中作主语或宾语；whom在从句中作宾语。作宾语时常可省略。人Doyouknowtheboywho/thathasgotanAintheexam?Thegirl(that/who/whom)youjusttalkedtoisLinda.that，which主语或宾语。作宾语时常可省略。物Thestory(that/which)mygrandmatoldmewasveryexciting.　　定语从句中引导词只能用that的情况：1．当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that”。如：IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?2．当先行词为all，any，much，many等词时，只能使用“that”。如： Tomtoldhermotherallthathadhappened.3．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”。如：ThisisthemostwonderfultimethatIhaveeverhad.4．当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”。如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.5．当先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast修饰时，只能使用“that”。如：Thiswillbethelastchancethathecanget.Heistheonlypersonthatcanhelpyouout.6．先行词里同时含有人和物时，只能使用“that”。如：Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.【经典再现】21．I'llneverforgetthedays__A__wespenttogetherinthecountry.(2014，丰南区一模)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．whichB．onwhichC．whenD．onthat22．Ilikethestamps__A__Nancysentme.(2014，石家庄长安区一模)A．whichB．whatC．whereD．who23．Theman__C__cametoourpartywithagiftismygoodfriend.(2014，定州一模)A．whenB．whichC．whoD．whose24．It'sdifficulttocatchthepeople__B__putupsmalladsatnight.(2014，唐山市路北区一模)A．whichB．whoC．whereD．/25．Doyouknowthegirl__B__isreadingunderthetree？(2014，滦南县一模)A．whichB．whoC．whatD．whom26．—Whichisyournewneighbour,Liuhua?—Theman__C__Tshirtisred.(2014，泰安)A．thatB．whoC．whoseD．which27．Thisisthedictionary__A__Mumgavemeformybirthday.(2008，河北)A．whichB．whatC．whoseD．whom28．Sorry，wedon'thavethecoat__D__youneed.(2009，河北)A．whatB．whoC．whomD．which29．Therearelotsofthings__B__Ineedtopreparebeforethetrip.(2010，河北)A．whoB．thatC．whomD．whose30．Theteachers__A__cameforavisitareforeigners.(2011，河北)A．whoB．whomC．whoseD．which(十三)主谓一致主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。考查重点是主谓一致的语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则，其中主谓一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点。从命题形式来看，主要以单项选择为主，在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。2011—2014年河北中考试题分析表 主谓一致年份题号题型分值201128单项选择1201229单项选择12013///2014///“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。Thegirlisfondofsinging.Readinginthesunisbadforoureyes.表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。Thestudentsarehavingtheirmathclass.and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式。Thewriterandteacheriscoming.Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.both…and…连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式。BothPeterandMikecomefromEngland.有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses，shorts，trousers，jeans，shoes，clothes，gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Jack'sglassesarebroken.Linda'sshoesareblackandblue.“anumberof＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“thenumberof＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。Anumberoftreeshavebeenplanted.Thenumberofthementeachersinourschoolismorethan120.不定代词another，eachone，either，neithersomebody，someone，something，nobody，everyone，everything，nothing，anybody等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Iseveryonehere?Somethingiswrongwithmycomputer.Icalledlastnight，butnobodywasin.主语后面跟with，alongwith，like，except，besides，aswellas，togetherwith，including，nolessthan，ratherthan，asmuchas等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致。Meimei，withherparents，oftengoestotheparkonSunday.Ateacher，togetherwithsomestudents，isstandingatthegate.主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“akind(form/pair/cup/glass/piece/box/ton/metre…)of”等时，表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式。ThiskindofcarismadeinChina.Threepiecesofpaperareneeded.续表：“分数或百分数＋名词”作主语或“alotof/lotsof，plentyof，mostof＋名词”作主语时，Twothirdsoftheworkhasbeenfinished.MostofthebooksarewritteninEnglish. 谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。【特例清单】1.what从句作主语时，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：Whatweneedistime.Whatsheneedsaregoodbooks.2．and连接并列主语，若前面有each，every，many，no等词修饰时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotapresent.【经典再现】1．Thestudentsaswellastheirteacher__A__listeningtomusicintheirsparetime.(2013，邯郸二模)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．likeB．likesC．likedD．liketo2．It'snodoubtthatDiaoyuIslands，aswellasTaiwan，__B__toChinasinceancienttimes.(2013，石家庄桥东区模拟检测)A．belongsB．havebelongedC．belongD．hasbelonged3．Everyone__D__IcomefromSichuan.Actually，IcomefromShandong.(2010，河北)A．findB．thinkC．findsD．thinks4.LinTaowithJim__B__therewhenthemeetingbegan.(2014，唐山路北区一模)A．itB．wasC．areD．were5．Allthefoodexceptthenoodles__A__delicious.(2014，石家庄长安区一模)A．isB．areC．amD．was6．Climbinghills__A__goodforourhealth.(2014，黔东南)A．isB．areC．wasD．were7．Theyoungtreesalongtheroad__C__lastweek.(2014，长安区一模)A．plantedB．wasplantedC．wereplantedD．areplanted8．There__B__anumberofvolunteersintheclubandthenumberofthem______growinglargerandlarger.(2014，滦南县一模)A．is；areB．are；isC．have；isD．have；are9．Thechildwithoutparents__A__goodcareofbyhisteachersinhisschool.(2013，梅州)A．istakenB．aretakenC．takeD．takes10．Thispairofshoes__D__hand，andit______verycomfortable.(2013，黄石)A．ismadewith；isfeltB．aremadefrom；isfeltC．aremadeof；feelsD．ismadeby；feels 有些集体名词如crowd，family，team，group，government，class，staff，public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式。Hisfamilyisn'tlarge.Hisfamilyarefondofwatchingsportsprograms.有些集体名词如people，police等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news，means，works，physics，politics，maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。Thepolicearesearchingforthemurder.Physicsisreallydifficultforme.“the＋某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Theyoungareenergetic.表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Twopoundsisn'tsoheavy.Twomonthsisalongholiday.Tenminusfiveisfive.【特例清单】1．某些以s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如theUnitedStates，theNetherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.TheNiagaraFallsareperhapsthemostsplendidwaterfallintheworld.2．none如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数。如：Noneofthemoneybelongstome.Noneofthestudentshas/havebeentoEgyptinourclass.3．“all/most/half/therestof＋名词”作主语，谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致。如：Mostofhermoneyisspentonclothes.HalfofthestudentswatchTVtwiceaweek.【经典再现】11．HistoryprovesDiaoyuIslands__C__China's.(2013，石家庄初中毕业质检题)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．isB．wasC．areD．were12．—Howmuch__A__thepairofshoes?—Twentydollars______enough.(2013，唐山路南区一模)A．is；isB．is；areC．are；isD．are；are13．Physics__B__moreinterestingthanmaths，Ithink.(2006，河北)A．areB．isC．wasD．were14．Thenews__A__veryinteresting！Tellmemore！(2009，河北)A．isB．areC．wereD．was15．Ihearonethirdofthebooksinourlibrary__B__new.Let'sborrowsome.(2014， 定州一模)A．isB．areC．wasD．were16．—Maths__A__myfavouritesubject，whataboutyou？(2013，广安)—Physics______．Ithinkit'sveryinteresting.A．is；isB．are；areC．are；is17．—Howsooncanyoufinishthisjob?—Twodays__A__enoughformetofinishthework.Ineedaweek.(2012，自贡)A．isn'tB．aren'tC．is18．Thefirstdayofschool，myteachersays“I”__C__awordinEnglish.(2014，定兴县一模)A．areB．amC．isD．be19．Don'tworry.There__C__plentyoftimeforustodoit.(2014，河北省中考方舟预测卷一)A．areB．haveC．isD．has20．—Whatdoyouthinkoftheenvironmenthere?—Wonderful！__D__oftheland______coveredwithtreesandgrass.(2014，随州)A．Twofifth；areB．Twofifths；areC．Twofifth；isD．Twofifths；is由or，either…or…，nor，neither…nor…，whether…or…，not…but…，notonly…butalso…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。Neitheryounorheiswrong.NotonlyJimbutalsohisfriendsareenjoyingthefilm.Here/Therebe句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.Thereisanorangeandtwoapplesontheplate.【经典再现】21．Notonlymyfriendsbutalsomyfather__B__interestedinthenewfilm.(2013，邯郸一模)A．areB．isC．amD．were22．There__A__onlyonephraseandafewwordsinLessonOne.Ithinkitiseasy.(2013，石家庄18县模拟联考)A．isB．areC．wasD．were23．There__B__manynewwordsinLessonOne.Itisveryeasy.(2013，河北初中毕业押题卷〈蓝〉)A．isB．aren'tC．isn'tD．are24．—Theenvironmenthereisbetterthanbefore.—Iagree.There__B__lesspollutionnow.(2013，唐山路南区二模)A．areB．isC．wereD．was25．—There__A__severalactivitiesthisweekend.—Yeah.Excitingnews！(2013，河北初中毕业基础与能力评价)A．aregoingtobeB．isgoingtobeC．isgoingtohaveD．willhave26．There__D__lotsofpeopleattherestaurantwhenIgotthere.(2011，河北) A．isB．wasC．areD．were27．__C__somethingwrongwithmybike.CanIuseyours？(2012，河北)A．ItisB．ItwasC．ThereisD．Therewas28．—I'dlikeyoutotellmesomethingaboutShenNongjia.(2013，孝感)—I'msorry，butneitherJacknorI__A__there.A．havebeenB．hasbeenC．havegoneD．hasgone29．NotonlymyfriendsbutalsoI__B__interestedinfootballandMessiisourfavoritestar.(2013，梅州)A．beB．amC．isD．are30．—Whyareyoulate，Jim?—Becausethere__C__alotoftrafficwhenIcamehere.(2012，泰州)A．isB．areC．wasD．were§2.情景交际情景交际是中考的高频考点之一。近年来，全国大部分省、市越来越注重对情景交际的考查，侧重对情景会话能力的测试，考查学生在特定的对话情景中运用日常交际用语的能力。内容上侧重考查以打电话、购物、看病、约会等为主题的对话，辅以考查问候、介绍、告别、感谢、祝愿、请求、允许、表示同意等话题。预计2015年中考命题会加大对交际用语的考查力度，特别是交际用语中有关表达祝愿、赞美、感谢、道歉、征询意见或看法等的知识点将是考查热点。1．熟练记忆初中阶段教材中出现的各类情境交际的表达方式，对大纲中规定的常用交际话题如：打电话、看病、购物、问路、问候、介绍、就餐、祝愿、聚会、询问时间、过生日、请求和提供帮助、转告传递信息等要熟练掌握，融会贯通，并能够结合具体情境灵活运用。2．了解西方国家的社会、历史背景知识及风土人情，掌握中、西方国家在语言、文化方面的差异。3．根据具体情景，正确判断出对话涉及的内容，以便使用相应的表达方式。4．问话或答语要遵循口语交际的特点，不能脱离具体的语境，不要照搬照套语法规则。英语中的情景交际回答时一般要遵循三个原则：礼貌原则、利他原则和英语文化习惯。【经典再现】1．—Didyouhaveagoodweekend?—__D__．Ienjoyedmyselfwithmyfamilyonthebeach.(2013，邯郸一模)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A．IamafraidnotB．IhopesoC．I'mnotsureD．Ofcourse2．—Youarealwaystalkingaboutyourpetcat.Whatdoesitlooklike?—__C__．(2013，石家庄42中一模)A．ItlikesfishB．Itlikesplayingwithme C．It'ssmallandwhiteD．Itlikeseverything3．—Whataheavyrain！Willitlastlong?—__A__．We'regettingintotherainyseasonnow.(2013，邯郸二模)A．I'mafraidsoB．I'mafraidnotC．OfcoursenotD．That'simpossible4．—Doyouthinkitwillbewarmtomorrow?—__D__．Ithasbeentoocoldformanydays.(2013，桥东区模拟)A．I'mafraidsoB．SoitisC．OfcoursenotD．Ihopeso5．—Willyoujoinusforlunch?—__B__．(2014，邯郸市二模)A．No，Idon'tB．Yes，withpleasureC．No，helpyourselfD．Yes，please6．—__C__？(2014，河北省中考方舟预测卷一)—Showmethelatestscarf，please.A．WhatshouldIdoB．HowtohelpyouC．CanIhelpyouD．Whatdoyouwant7．—Areyousureyoucandowellintoday'stest?—__B__．I'vegoteverythingready.(2014，河北省中考方舟预测卷三)A．I'mafraidnotB．IthinksoC．IhopenotD．It'shardtosay8．—Mum，I'vegotthefirstprizeinthephotocompetition.—__D__！(2014，河北省中考方舟预测卷四)A．GoodluckB．NotatallC．GoodideaD．Congratulation9．—WouldyouliketocometomyhousetowatchtheVoiceofChinatogether?—__D__．(2014，河北省中考方舟预测卷五)A．Great！Ican'tstanditB．Yes，I'dloveto，butIdon'tminditC．Goodidea，butI'mnotsureD．Noproblem10．—Wouldyouliketogotothecostumepartywithme?—__D__．(2014，河北省中考方舟预测卷六)A．GoodlucktoyouB．Itdoesn'tmatterC．I'msorrytohearthatD．Sorry，I'mafraidIcan't