european report

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1、Throughouthistorytheworld"Europe"hasbeendebatedanddefinedtimeaftertimeanditisusedindifferentmeaningsanddifferentcontexts.Therearetwonotionsatthecenterofthehistoricalandpoliticaldebate:theprocessofEuropeanunification,andtheideaofEuropeanidentity.Europeanpolitici

2、anshavearguedthataclearlydistinctEuropeanidentityisneededtogivetheEuropeanUnionasolidsocio-intellectualandculturalbase.However,inDelor'sview,theculturaldiversityisastumblingblocktotheunificationprocess.TheideaofEuropeanunityEuropecanhaveageographical,anethnogra

3、phicalorahistoricalmeaning,andtobeusedinthesecontextsaccordingly.JearBaptisteDuroselle(Frenchhistorian)Foerster(Germanhistorian)Theydisagreeonthequestionofwhatexactlyismeantby"Europe",andthereforeonwhatthebasicofEuropeanunityshouldbe.SotheideaofEuropeanunitydid

4、notsucceedindevelopingintoansignificant,cogentpoliticalconceptandindeedtheideahaslivedamarginalexistence.Someofthe20thcenturyproposalsforsomeformofEuropeanunityassociatetheeconomicandpoliticaldeclineofEuropewithadegenerationofEuropeanculture.TheideaofEuropeanun

5、ityalsofoundadvocatesinFascistandtotalitarianpoliticalcircles.theItalianleaderMussoliniandCoudenhove-Kalergididinfactmeetthreetimestodiscusstheideabuttheydidnotconvinceeachother.Andonlyafter1943,whenitbecameapparentthatNaziGermanywouldnotwinthewar,theproposalso

6、fconceringaso-called"NewOrder"and"NewEurope"werelaunchedbytheGermanForeignOffice.Thenon-CommunistpartsoftheresistancemovementinoccupiedEurope,includingtheGermanandItalianones,alsocontributedtoplansbasedontheideaofEuropeanunity.TheResistanceCharterwaspublishedin

7、1944..AttheCongressofEuropean,heldin1948,federalistsdecidedtoconbinetheireffortsforthepoliticalunificationofEurope.ButthefinalresultofthemeetingwasembodiedintheCouncilofEuropain1949.After1945furtherplansforunificationwereformulate.Allthesepost-warplansdifferina

8、pproachandscope,someareaimedata"deeping"oftheexistentworkingsituation(theSchaubleLamersplanof1944)andsomeimplyaimfortheoverthrowoftheexistingstructureoftheEuropeanUnion(Paul