European Culture

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1、EuropeanCultureAnIntroductionDivisionFourRenaissanceandReformationForeignLanguageDepartment,JDZ,YajunRenaissanceandReformationI.GeneralIntroductionII.RenaissanceinItalyIII.ReformationandCounter-ReformationIV.RenaissanceinOtherCountriesV.ScienceandTechnologyduringtheRenaissanceVI.S

2、umming-upI.GeneralIntroduction1.Renaissance:Generallyspeaking，Renaissancereferstotheperiodbetweenthe14thandmid-17thcentury.Theword“Renaissance”meansrevival(复兴)，specificallyinthisperiodofhistory，revivalofinterestinancientGreekandRomanculture.Renaissance，inessence(从实质上讲)，wasahistoric

3、alperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstogetridofconservatism(保守主义思想)infeudalistEuropeandintroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie(资产阶级)，tolifttherestrictionsinallareasplacedbytheRomanchurchauthorities.(权利威信)p1292.Renaissancestartedi

4、nFlorenceandVenicewiththefloweringofpaintings，sculptureandarchitecture.p129II.RenaissanceinItalyHistoricalBackgroundTheRiseofHumanismNewLiteratureRenaissanceArtDeclineoftheItalianRenaisssanceHistoricalBackgroundgeographicalpositioncitiesbegantorisecity-statesestablishedFlorenceTheR

5、iseofHumanismIntellectualsbecamecloselytiedup(息息相关)withtherisingbourgeoisie.(人文主义兴起的重要原因Humanisticideastodevelop)AttheheartoftheRenaissancephilosophywastheassertionofthegreatnessofman.(以人为本-------人文主义的核心)NewLiteratureBoccacciowasanItalianauthorandpoet,afriendandcorrespondentofPetra

6、rch,animportantRenaissancehumanist.十日谈collectionofprosetalesinItalian.ItisthegreatestachievementofprosefictionintheMiddleAges.Petrarch(彼得拉克)wastherepresentativepoet,fatherofmodernpoetry.SonnetRenaissanceArtRenaissanceArt:Aradical(根本的)breakwithmedieval(中古的)met

7、hodsofrepresentingthevisibleworldoccurredinItalyduringthesecondhalfofthe13thcentury.Itwasnotuntiltheseconddecadeofthe15thcenturythattherewasadecidedbreakwiththemedievalpictorialtradition(田园式风格).TheCharacteristicsofRenaissanceArt:Artbrokeawayfromthedominationofthechurch.Themesofpain

8、tingschangedtoanappreciati