criminal law outline - university of san francisco：刑法大纲-旧金山大学

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1、CRIMINALLAWOUTLINETwoArguments:1.Whatisthelaw?Ex-Isthereanecessitydefense?Cananecessitydefensebeawaytogetoutofmurder?Ct.canlookat(1)text,(2)legislativeintent,(3)precedent,(4)policyToavoidaprecedent-ΔcanarguepriordecisioniswrongbecauseA.ItisunconstitutionalB.TimeshavechangedC.Therewasnorelianceont

2、heprecedentD.Theprecedenthadanunintendedconsequence2.Howshouldthelawbeappliedtothefacts?Ex-Givennecessity,isthereareasontochoosetheboyovertheothersailors(Reginav.Dudley&Stevens)I.PurposeofCriminalLaw1.GeneralDeterrenceDeterbyexampleThisdoesn’tworkforcrimesofpassion2.RetributionPayback.Justdessert

3、s(dessertsshouldmatchthecrime).Eyeforaneye.NotaimedatreducingfuturecrimeStrongestargumentforthedeathpenalty3.RehabilitationRepairsotheycanbecomeapositivememberofsociety.Generallyheldthatrehabdoesn’twork1.Incapacitation(SpecificDeterrence)WhentheyarelockeduptheycannothurtothersThisstopsthemfromcom

4、mittingfuturecrimesMurderersandchildmolestersII.ThreeFundamentalPrinciplesofCriminalLawA.Legality-DueProcess(14thamendment):Thelawmustclearlydefinecrimesinadvanceoritisunconstitutionallyvague.“VoidforVagueness”byviolating1ofthe2:1.FairNotice:AreasonablepersoncouldnotfigureitoutOftenappliedtolawst

5、hatpunishomissionsandareobscure2.RiskofArbitraryEnforcement:Sosweepingthatitincludessomuchinnocentactivitythatthecopswillusetheirdiscretion.(B/c4thAmendmentsaysarrestscanonlybemadewithprobablecause)a)Canbeduetothelawonitsfaceortheenforcementb)Mustshowthatitisarbitrarilyenforcedc)Ifenforcementifsa

6、ppliedbyanobjectivestandarditdoesnotapply.Ifit’saspecificintentcrime,itcan’tbevoidforvaguenessPapachristou-Ordinanceforvagrancywasvoidforvaguenessonbothstandardsabove.TherewasnofairnoticeandarbitraryenforcementCaswell-Ordinancewasok,itspelledoutloiteringbypublictoiletwithintentoflewdandlascivious

7、conduct.Therewasfairnoticeannoarbitraryenforcement.Lambert-voidforvaguenessifpunishedconductwhichisanomissionDifferencebetweenLEGALITYandEQUALITYLegality(dueprocessclause)àtheriskofdiscriminationEquality(equalprotectio