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1、FirstaidFirstAidsymbolFirstaidistheprovisionofinitialcareforanillnessorinjury.Itisusuallyperformedbyalaypersontoasickorinjuredcasualtyuntildefinitivemedicaltreatmentcanbeaccessed.Certainself-limitingillnessesorminorinjuriesmaynotrequirefurthermedicalca
2、repastthefirstaidintervention.Itgenerallyconsistsofaseriesofsimpleand,insomecases,potentiallylife-savingtechniquesthatanindividualcanbetrainedtoperformwithminimalequipment.Whilefirstaidcanalsobeperformedonanimals,thetermgenerallyreferstocareofhumanpati
3、ents.HistoryTheearliestinstancesofrecordedfirstaidwereprovidedbyreligiousknights,suchastheKnightsHospitaller,formedinthe11thcentury,providingcaretopilgrimsandknights,andtrainingotherknightsinhowtotreatcommonbattlefieldinjuries.[1]Thepracticeoffirstaidf
4、elllargelyintodisuseduringtheHighMiddleAges,andorganizedsocietieswerenotseenagainuntilin1859HenryDunantorganizedlocalvillagerstohelpvictimsoftheBattleofSolferino,includingtheprovisionoffirstaid.Fouryearslater,fournationsmetinGenevaandformedtheorganizat
5、ionwhichhasgrownintotheRedCross,withakeystatedaimof"aidtosickandwoundedsoldiersinthefield".[1]ThiswasfollowedbytheformationofSt.JohnAmbulancein1877,basedontheprinciplesoftheKnightsHospitaller,toteachfirstaid,andnumerousotherorganizationjoinedthem,witht
6、hetermfirstaidfirstcoinedin1878ascivilianambulanceservicesspreadasacombinationof'firsttreatment'and'nationalaid'[1]inlargerailwaycentresandminingdistrictsaswellaswithpoliceforces.FirstaidtrainingbegantospreadthroughtheempirethroughorganisationssuchasSt
7、John,oftenstarting,asintheUK,withhighriskactivitiessuchasportsandrailways.[2]Manydevelopmentsinfirstaidandmanyothermedicaltechniqueshavebeendrivenbywars,suchasinthecaseoftheAmericanCivilWar,whichpromptedClaraBartontoorganizetheAmericanRedCross.[3]Today
8、,thereareseveralgroupsthatpromotefirstaid,suchasthemilitaryandtheScoutingmovement.Newtechniquesandequipmenthavehelpedmaketoday’sfirstaidsimpleandeffective.AimsThekeyaimsoffirstaidcanbesummarisedinthreekeypoints:[4]·Preservelife-theoverr