遗传学课程习题集

《遗传学课程习题集》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、《遗传学》习题集福建农林大学作物遗传育种教研组2007修订59《遗传学》习题集福建农林大学作物科学学院遗传育种教研室第一章绪论第二章遗传的细胞学基础一、遗传学名词解释原核细胞prokaryoticcell真核细胞eukaryoticcell染色体chromosome姊妹染色单体sisterchromatid同源染色体homologouschromosome染色体组genome二价体bivalent联会synapsis超数染色体supernumerarychromosome联会复合体synaptonemalcomplex反应规范reactionnorm交叉的端化term

2、inalization受精fertilization双受精doublefertilization胚乳直感xenia果实直感metaxenia无融合生殖apomixis细胞周期cellcycle无性生殖asexualreproduction染色体组型karyotype二、简答题1.Discusstheconceptsofhomologouschromosomes,diploidy,andhaploidy.Whatcharacteristicsaresharedbetweentwochromosomesconsideredtobehomologous?2.Describe

3、theeventsthatcharacterizeeachstageofmitosis.3.Ifanorganismhasadiploidnumberof16,howmanychromatidsarevisibleattheendofmitoticprophase?Howmanychromosomesaremovingtoeachpoleduringanaphaseofmitosis?4.Describehowchromosomesarenamedonthebasisoftheircentromereplacement.5.What"checkpoints"occur

4、inthecellcycle?Whatistheroleofeach?6.Contrasttheendresultsofmeiosiswiththoseofmitosis.7.Defineanddiscusstheseterms:(a)synapsis,(b)bivalents,(c)chiasmata,(d)crossingover,(e)chromomeres,(f)sisterchromatids,(g)tetrads,(h)dyads,(i)monads.8.Anorganismhasadiploidnumberof16inaprimaryoocyte.(a)

5、Howmanytetradsarepresentinthefirstmeioticprophase?(b)Howmanydyadsarepresentinthesecondmeioticprophase?(c)Howmanymonadsmigratetoeachpoleduringthesecondmeioticanaphase?9.Contrastspermatogenesisandoogenesis.Whatisthesignificanceoftheformationofpolar59bodies?10.Explainwhymeiosisleadstosigni

6、ficantgeneticvariationwhilemitosisdoesnot.11.Describetheroleofmeiosisinthelifecycleofavascularplant.12.Howaregiantpolytenechromosomesformed?13.Ifahumannucleusis10μmindiameter,anditmustholdasmuchas2mofDNA,whichiscomplexedintonucleosomesthatduringfullextensionare11nmindiameter,whatpercent

7、ageofthevolumeofthenucleusisoccupiedbythegeneticmaterial?14.Anorganismhasadiploidnumberof16inaprimaryoocyte.(a)Howmanytetradsarepresentinthefirstmeioticprophase?(b)Howmanydyadsarepresentinthesecondmeioticprophase?(c)Howmanymonadsmigratetoeachpoleduringthesecondmeioticanaphase?1