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1、无船承运人的责任问题【摘要】： 随着我国集装箱运输和国际货物多式联运的蓬勃发展,介于对外贸易和运输行业之间的服务行业也面临着一场深刻的变革。一部分以直接或间接代理人的身份,从事着传统的单证服务、码头服务、海关服务等,这一部分经营者我们称之为“货运代理人”;而另一部分则以事主的身份,分别与托运人和承运人签订合同,签发提单,完全介入到外贸运输的全过程,对于这一部分经营者,我们称之为“无船承运人”。“无船承运人”是由美国的联邦海事委员会(FederalMaritimeCommission-FMC)创建的。我国《海商法》没有直接规定无船承运人的概念及相关内容,但是近年来
2、,无船承运人队伍不断发展壮大,已成为我国国际货物运输市场中不可或缺的部分。通过一定量文献的阅读和研究得出的结论是:无船承运人与承运人的概念并不矛盾;无船承运人与实际承运人、公共承运人、船舶经营人等航运业务中的相关民事法律主体既有联系又有区别;无船承运人与货运代理人是独立并行的概念。本论文明确的界定了无船承运人的定义、特征、法律地位等问题,力求为完善我国的相关法律制度提供有益的参考。Withthevigorous developmentofChina's containertransportationandinternational multimodaltrans
3、portofgoods, betweenforeigntradeandtransportation service industryis facingaprofoundtransformation. Partofthedirectorindirect agentidentity, engagedin traditional document service, terminalservices, customs service, thispartof theoperator wecall "freightforwarder";whiletheotherpart t
4、o thevictim'sidentity, respectively, with thesigningofthecontract, theshipperandthecarrier issuedabilloflading, fully involvedinthewholeprocess foreigntradetransportation, forthispartof theoperator, whichwecallthe "nonvesselcarrier". "NVOCC" iscomposedof America the FederalMaritimeCo
5、mmission (Federal MaritimeCommission-FMC) create. China's"maritimelaw" doesnotdirectlyregulatethe conceptofNVOCC andrelatedcontent, butinrecentyears, theconstantdevelopmentandexpansionof thenonvesselcarrier team, hasbecomeanintegralpartof thebusinessofforeigntradetransportation. Thro
6、ughacertainamount ofliterature readingandthe conclusionis:theconceptof nonvessel carrierandcarrier arenotcontradictory; thenonvesselcarrierandthe actualcarrier, commoncarrier, shipoperator, shippingbusinessinthe relevantcivil legalsubject bothconnectionsanddifferences;NVOCCfromfreigh
7、tforwarders istheconceptof independentparallel. Thispaperclearly definesthe definition, characteristics, legalstatusand problems ofNVOCC, andstriveto provideausefulreferencefor theimprovementofthelegalsystem ofourcountry.【关键词】：无船承运人 实际承运人 国际货运代理人 无船承运业务管理制度正文：一．引言无船承运人在整个外贸运输过程中，既是承运
8、人又是托运人，其身份随不
