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时间:2019-03-25
《4汉语量词与英语特殊量词的比较》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、04・ContrastivestudybetweenEnglishandChineseUnitwords04.汉语量词与英语特殊量词的比较LUnitwordsinChineseUnitwordsinChineseisusedbetweenwordsofnumberandnoun,indicatingunitofthings.TherearetwocategoriesofunitwordssinChinese:1.indicatingpersonorthings(物量词);2.indicatingactionorbehavior•(
2、动量词)1.Threecategoriesofunitwordsindicatingpersonorthings(三类物量词)(1)length,volume,andweight;weightsandmeasures(表度量衡的单位),如"尺、里、吨”等。(2)Ordinaryunitwords(一般量词),suchas"个、只、本、间"etc.⑶Featureorstateofthingsasunitwords(以事物特征、状态来衡量的量词)suchas“头、口、杯、发、条%tc.2.Twocategoriesofunitwor
3、dsindicatingactionorbehavior(两类动量词):(1)Specialunitwordsindicatingactionorbehavior(专用动量词),suchas"次、遍、番、阵、顿"etc.(2)BorrowedunitwordsindicatingactionorbehaviorUS1用动量i司),namely,nounsrelatingtoactionsorbehaviorareusedasunitwords(借用与动作有关的名词),suchas“刀%砍一刀),“笔气写一笔),“星期"(讨论一星期
4、)等。3.Structureofunitwords:quantifier+unitwords(数量纟吉构),E.g.三斤肉,一头牛,一杯咖啡,一山树,一屋人,一架书,五匹布,两桶水,一块煤,一粒米,一剂药,两行树,一朵花,一线希望,四排房子,三堆鸡蛋汉语偶尔也有不用量词的,这不过在古汉语中出现。如:卧室里是i桌i凳一床,床板只有两块。(《朝花夕拾.琐记》)撤屏视之,一人,一桌,一椅,一扇,一抚尺而已。(《口技》)Exceptions:(1)Insomeidioms,thereareonlyquantifiersbutnounitw
5、ords,suchas:千言万语,九牛一毛,三人一组,七上八下,三头六臂,一心一意,三言两语,七嘴八舌,一草一木,一砖一瓦.(2)Nounsofadministrativezoneshaveonlyquantifiersbutnounitwords,suchas:三省,五市,两县。ILUnitwordsinEnglish1.Quantifier/indefinitearticle+noun(pluralorsingle),suchas:A(one)book一本书threeWorkers三彳、工人fourrifles四枝枪sixca
6、rs六辆汽车fivetractors五部拖拉机sevenlatheseightlampstenhouses七台车床八盏灯十栋房屋apacketofcigarettesacompanyofsoldierstwogroupsofchildrenateamofhorsesthreeheapsofeggsfourblocksofhouses一包纸烟一连士兵两群小孩一队马三堆鸡蛋四排房子1.Quantifier/indefinitearticle+noun(asunitwords)+of+noun(pluralorsingle),sucha
7、s:(1)Quantifier/indefinitearticle+noun(featureorstateofthings)+of+noun(pluralorsingle)(以事物特征、状态来衡量的“量词",suchas:abarofchocolateablanketofsnowablastofwindacakeofsoapacoatofpaintacutofporkadropofwateraspeckofdustasheetofskin一条巧克力一片白雪一阵风一块肥皂一层油漆一块肉一滴水一粒灰尘—张皮(2)Quantifier/
8、indefinitearticle+noun+of+noun(abstract)(用以表示抽象名词数量单位的“量词",suchas:anarticleoffoodanItemofnewsaperiodoftimeaboutoffightingach
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