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1、第十讲；倒装结构理解与翻译倒装是指句子成分不是按主语在前、谓语在后的正常语序排列，而是将谓语或谓语的一部分移到主语之前。倒装是一种修辞手段，冃的是为了强调。倒装分为部分倒装和全部倒装，考试多为部分倒装。考生应掌握什么情况下需要倒装。1.下列否定词及含有否定意义的词组修饰状语时，若置于句首，句子的主谓要部分倒装never,no,neither,notonly,hardly,scarcely,little,seldom,rarely,notuntil,nowhere,atnotime,onnoaccount,innorespect
2、,innosense,bynomeans,innoway,nolonger,noless,nomore,nosoonerthan,undernocircumstances,invain,stilllessNotonlyisitsdirectattackontheirdiscipline,itbypassestheessenceofwhatsociologistsfocuson.Undernocircumstancesshouldwedoanythingthatwillbenefitourselvesbutharmtheinte
3、restsofthestate.2.以only修饰状语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装onlythen,onlyatthattime,onlyonce,onlyinthisway,onlywith,onlythrough,onlyby,onlywhen,onlyafter,onlybecauseo如：Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdatacanyoucometoasoundconclusion3.以下列副词或短语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装often,so,well,tosuchadeg
4、ree,tosuchanextent,tosuchextremes,tosuchapoint,manyatime。女口：Soinvolvedwiththeircomputersdothechildrenbecomethatleadersatsummercomputercampsoftenhavetoforcethemtobreakforsportsandgames・4.以下列副词开头的句子，句子的主谓要全部倒装(1)出于修辞需要,表示方向的副词：out,down,in,up,away,on®如:Downjumpedthebur
5、glarfromthetenthfloorwhenheheardsomeoneshoutedathim.(2)出于习惯用法:here,there,now,thus,hence,then。如:Nowisyourturn.Theregoesthebell.(3)有时主语较长，为了使句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，主谓耍全部倒装。这种情况多出现在主系表结构中。如：Lessimportantthaneverisdevelopingameaningfulphilosophyoflife.Inbetweenthesetwoextremesaret
6、hosepeoplewhoagreewiththejurysystem陪审制度asawhole,butfeelthatsomechangesneedtobeimplementedtoimproveitseffectiveness・5.让步从句的倒装(1)as引导让步状语从句，必须采用倒装结构，但不是主谓倒装，而是将被强调的内容置于句首。如：MuchasIhavetraveled,Ihaveneverseenanyonetoequalher,inthoroughness,whateverthejob.(2)出现在句型bc+主语+
7、其他,comewhatmay屮。如：Whileit'struethatweallneedacareer,preferablyaprofitableone,itisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledge—beitscientificorartistic.Thebusinessofeachday,beitsellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.Comewhatmay,Fllb
8、eonyourside.1.比较从句的倒装as,than引导的比较从句屮，如果主语是名词短语且较长，经常采用倒装结构（不倒装也可以）。注意：这种结构主语一般为名词，如果是代词则不倒装。如：Hydrogenburnsmuchmorecleanlythandootherfuels
