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1、第二十三章倒装语句子的基本与许是“主语+谓语”,称作自然语序(NaturalOrder)。如果将谓语的全部或一部分移至主语之前,这种语序称作倒装语序(InvertedOrder)。倒装的原因:一是句子结构的需要;二是为了强调某一句子成分。倒装的种类:全部倒装(FullInversion)将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来。部分倒装(PartialInversion)将部分谓语(如助动词或情态动词)提到主语之前。一、全部倒装全部倒装句子的结构:谓语+主语1、以引导词there开头的倒装句therebe的变形:除be外
2、,开可以用lie,live,come,exist,sit,stand,remain等不及物动词。Sometimes,therearejusttwochairsandatable.Thereexistsanancienttempleinthistown,whichattractsmanyvisitors.Thereremainedmuchhomework.如果主语是人称代词,主语和谓语不需要倒装。Therehecomes.Hereyouare.2、以地点、时间、方位副词开头的倒装句条件:①13个副词在句首②
3、动词为表示移动的vi(不及物动词)③主语必须是名词副词:here,there;then,now;in,out;up,down;ahead,back;off,away;next谓语动词:be,come,go,follow,fly,rush,walk,escape,fleeHerecomesthebus.Nowcomesyourturn.Theregoesthebell.Outwentthechildren.Here’ssomegoodnewsTherecometherestofourguests.Downc
4、amestoutSantainasinglebound.Aheadwalkedthetiger.Hearingthedogbarkingfiercely,awayfledthethief.3、以介词短语开头的倒装句将做状语的介词短语放在句首,同时把谓语放在主语前。Outofthejunglecameanoldwoman.Fromaregionofsevenmillionpeoplehasarisensomeofthegreatestpopmusicintheworld.1、系表结构的倒装现在分词,过去分词
5、,形容词有时可移至句首。Lyingonthefloorwasawoundedpeasantboy.HigheruparethetemplesbuiltinancientChina.EspeciallypopularistheMTV.Distinguishedguestsandfriends,welcometoourschool.Attendingtheceremonyofthe50thAnniversarythismorningareouralumnifromhomeandabroad.二、部分倒装部分倒
6、装句子结构:助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语+(主要动词)。1.以否定词(副词、介词短语)开头的倒装句。否定词:not,little,few,seldom,hardly,scarcely,rarely,nowhere,innoway,not…until…,no…soonerthan,hardly…when,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,never,atnotime,bynomeans,innosituation,onnoaccount,undernocircumstance
7、.NowherecouldIfindhim.Undernocircumstancesandatnotimeshallwebethefirsttousenuclearweapons.NeitherdidIknow,nordidIcarewhathadhappenedtohim.NotoncediditoccurtoMichaelthathecouldonedaybecomeatopstudentintheclass.当not否定主语或notonly…butalso连接两个并列的主语时,不用倒装语序Notaw
8、ordwassaid.2.以“only+状语”开头的倒装句“only+状语(副词/介词短语/状语从句)”置于句首,部分倒装。only+名词不倒装。Onlythendidherealizethathehadmadeamistake.Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvethisproblem.Onlywhenyouhaveseenwhatheorshedoes.“only+状语”倒装句的强调句型,可倒可不倒。It’son