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1、学专业英语一StatisticsThetermstatisticsisusedineitheroftwosenses.Incommonparlanceitisgenerallyemployedsynonymouslywiththeworddata.ThussomeonemaysaythathehasseenvstatisticsofindustrialaccidentsintheUnitedStates•”Itwouldbeconducivetogreaterprecisionofmeaningifwewerenottousestatisticsinthis
2、sense,butrathertosay“data(orfigures)ofindustrialaccidentsintheUnitedStates."Statisticsnalsoreferstothestatisticalprinciplesandmethodswhichhavebeendevelopedforhandlingnumericaldataandwhichformthesubjectmatterofthistext.Statisticalmethods,orstatistics,rangeformthemostelementarydescri
3、ptivedevices,whichmaybeunderstoodbyanyone，tothoseextremelycomplicatedmathematicalprocedureswhicharecomprehendedbyonlythemostexperttheoreticians.ltisthepurposeofthisvolumenottoenterintothehighlymathematicalandtheoreticalaspectsofthesubjectbutrathertotreatofitsmoreelementaryandmorefr
4、equentlyusedphases.Statisticsmaybedefinedasthecollection,presentation,analysis,andinterpretationofnumericaldata.Thefactswhicharedealtwithmustbecapableofnumericalexpression.Wecanmakelittleusestatisticallyoftheinformationthatdwellingsarebuiltofbrick,stone,wood,andothermaterials;howev
5、er,ifweareabletodeterminehowmanyorwhatproportionof,dwellingsareconstructedofeachtypeofmaterial,wehavenumericaldatasuitableforstatisticalanalysis.Statisticsshouldnotbethoughtofasasubjectcorrelativewithphysics,chemistry,economics,andsociology-Statisticsisnotascience;itisascientificme
6、thod.Themethodsandprocedureswhichweareabouttoexamineconstituteausefulandoftenindispensabletoolfortheresearchworker.Withoutanadequateunderstandingofstatistics,theinvestigatorinthesocialsciencesmayfrequentlybeliketheblindmangropinginadarkclosetforablackcatthatisn"tthere.Themethodsofs
7、tatisticsareusefulinanever一-wideningrangeofhumanactivities,inanyfieldofthoughtinwhichnumericaldatamaybehad.Indefiningstatisticsitwaspointedoutthatthenumericaldataarecollected,presented,analyzed,andinterpreted・Letusbrieflyexamineeachofthesefourprocedures.COLLECTIONStatisticaldatamay
8、beobtainedfromexistingpubl
