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1、一、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名逊词的从句叫做定语从句。女口:1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatTdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。*引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whoso)和关系副词where,when、why*关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句*l.who指人,在从句中做主语(1)Theboyswho
2、areplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayThelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.*2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。(2)Theman(who/whom)youmetjustnowismyfriend.*3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(
3、which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句了屮做宾语)*4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语吋可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(2)Whereistheman(that/whom)Isawthismorning?(在彳ij了屮做宾语)*5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatheri
4、sadoctor.(2)T1ivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时,常用以卜•结构來代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?*具体使用时还要注意下列问题:1、只能使用that,不用which的情况:*1)当先
5、行词是:all,any,anything,everything,nothing或被它们修饰时。TsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?有什么可以为你做的吗?Allthatcanbedonemustbedone.凡是能做的都必须做。*2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如:Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是这家书店出售的最冇趣的书Z—。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。*3)当先
6、行词有:theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。例如:Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat'smissing・我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。*4)当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that,不用which或who,以避免重复。例如:Whoisthegirlthatiswearingaredcoat?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁?*5)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that。例如:Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.伤〈
7、刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。2、只用which不用that的情况:*1)关系代词前有介词时;e.g.ThisistheroominwhichLuXunlived.*2)非限定性定语从句中;作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。e.g.Thatnccklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.Hehasadaughter,whoworksinahospital.*3)先行词本身是that时;e.g・Theclockisthatwhich