初中英语定语从句

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1、定语从句1.基本知识精讲在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词（分为关系代词和关系副词）。定语从句一般放在先行词之后。如：Thisistheengineerwhowillgiveusatalkonscience.先行词关系词定语从句一、由关系代词引导的定语从句英语中的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that和as。它们的用法如下：1.who，whom的用法who和whom指人，在从句中分别作主语、宾语。作动词宾语时常被省掉。在口语中可用who代替whom。T

2、heyoungworkerwhoinventedthistoolisherbrother.Thisistheboy(whom)Ihelped.2.which的用法which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语是在非正式语体中可以省略。如：Thefactorywhichproducesthesecarsisverylarge.Thisisthebook(which)youwant.3.whose的用法whose指人或物，在从句中作定语，不可省略。Whose有时可用ofwhich替换。如：Doyouliveintheroomwhosewindowope

3、nstothewest?Thisisthestudentwhosepronunciationisthebestinourclass.4.that的用法that既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，在非正式语体中常省略。如：Therewereoncesixblindmenthat/wholivedinavillageinIndia.Wheatisaplantthat/whichisgrowninthenorthofChina.Theletter(that)Ireceivedwasfrommyfather.[注意]只能用关系代词that

4、的场合that既可以指人也可以指物，但在下列场合，要用that，而不用which或who。1.先行词是不定代词all，anything，everything，nothing，much，little，few，any等时，只能用that。如：That’sallthatIwanttosay.Everythingthattheparentsdoisforthegoodoftheirchildren.2.先行词被all，any，no，theonly，thevery（恰好），little，few等词修饰时。如：Thankyouforgivingmetheve

5、rybookthatI’mlookingfor.Heistheonlypersonthatwaspresentatthemeeting.Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.3.指物的先行词被形容词的最高级或被序数词修饰时。如：Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.Ilikethesecondfootballmatchthatwasheldlastweek.4.先行词中既有人又有物时。如：Theherohassavedthehorseanditsriderthatfe

6、llintotheriver.Hetalkedabouttheschoolandtheteachersthathehadvisited.5.当先行词为theway，thetime，theperiod等时，但that通常被省略。如：Idon’tliketheway(that)youspeaktoher.Thisisthelasttime(that)Ishallhelpyou.6.在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中，为避免重复用that引导取代which或who。用which不用that的情况1.在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,t

7、hatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.2.先行词指物，且介词后Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.3.先行词本身是that时Idon’tthatwhichhedid.二、关系副词引导的定语从句英语中的关系副词有when，where，why等。在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略。1.when的用法when指时间、修饰表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于at/in/

8、onwhich。如：HowcanIforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)IjoinedtheYouthLeague?Ith