探究近临界水中若干有机合成反应的研究

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1、豆全往浙江大学硕士学位论文暴摘要一，，近临界水直指温度在一之间的压缩液态水，其电离常数大和介电常数小的特点使近临界水自身具备了酸碱催化功能和能同时溶解有机物和无机物的特性。这些特性使它既可作为有机化学反应的催化剂，又可用作反应物和溶剂。其催化性能可使某些酸碱催化反应不必加入酸碱，、盐的处理等，催化剂避免酸碱的中和工序避免环境污染其溶解性能使之能用于替代有毒有害溶剂。本研究，以肉桂醛水解和频那醇重排反应为对象采用自行研制的高压反应装置，对近临界水中的若干有机合成反应进行了考察，以探索绿色化工过程的新技术和新方法。、建立了一种在近临界水中肉桂醛无催化水解生成苯甲醛的新方法。

2、测定了压力，，巧下温度一范围内肉桂醛水解反应的动力学数据由方程，拟合得到肉桂醛水解反应的活化能为。、测定了压力，巧下温度一℃范围内苯甲醛在近临界水中的稳定性数据。按一级反应速率方程回归得到了不同温度下的反应速率常数，经拟合得到苯甲醛分解的表观活化能为。同时经过对肉桂醛水，。解和苯甲醛稳定性动力学数据的关联建立了一个平行一连串反应模型、研究了氨对近临界水中肉桂醛水解反应的加速催化作用，结果显示。，一体系可作为一个新的环境友好的碱催化反应介质测定了压力巧下温度℃时不同氨水加入量和一定氨水加入量不同温度下一℃肉桂醛水解动力学数据，由方程，拟合得到肉桂醛氨水解反应的活化能为。、

3、，测定了压力巧下温度一℃范围内频那醇重排反应在近临界水中的动力学数据。按一级反应速率方程回归得到了不同温度下的重排反应速率常数，经拟合得到频那醇重排反应的表观活化能为。关键词近临界水，苯，，，，，，重排，动力甲醛肉桂醛氨频那醇频那酮水解学多浙江大学硕士学位论文霉一衍帅，一一一，一一坤场一之浙江大学硕士学位论文豁、一，，，，，，，，夕浙江大学硕士学位论文暴目录前言·································，············································……文献综述······················

4、············································……近临界水的性质······················································……近临界水中的绿色化工过程················································……，·······················，·································近临界水中的萃取过程……近临界水中的再资源化·····································

5、····················……近临界水中的有机化学反应···················································……·····································································一键形成反应……······································································，，··水解反应………·········································，·

6、················，·········水合与脱水反应……··············，····························································脱梭反应……············································································脱氢反应……重排反应··············································································……······

7、··································································氧化还原反应……···························，···················，·····················一交换反应……缩合反应··············································································……近临界水中有机化学反应研究·················，……目前存在的