federalism–thestructureofgovernment

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1、Federalism–TheStructureofGovernmentI.JudicialReview&ConstitutionalInterpretationA.PhillipBobbitt,ModalitiesofConstitutionalInterpretation–thewaysinwhichlegalpropositionsarecharacterizedastruefromaconstitutionalpointofview.1.Historical–relyingontheintentionsoftheframersandrati

2、fiersoftheConstitution.a)DidtheframersintendtogiveCongressthepowertoestablishanationalbank?McCullochv.Maryland.b)Didtheyintendtoincludeblacksas“citizens?”DredScottv.Stanford.c)Thebenefitsofthisapproach:i.Constrainsjudgesètheycannotinserttheirownpolicypreferencesii.Empowersdem

3、ocracyèchangemustbefunneledthroughthedemocraticAmendmentprocessd)Problemsoftheapproach:i.Framershaddivergingviewsii.Framersdidnotwanttheirnotesfromtheconstitutionalconventionmadepublicètheydidn’twantustorelyontheirreasoningiii.Pragmatically,thisapproachpreventsnewsolutionsfro

4、mbeingimplementedascircumstanceschangeiv.Framersaredeadèwhyshouldtheirviewbesoinfluential?2.Textual–lookingintothemeaningofthewordsoftheConstitutionalone,astheywouldbeinterpretedbytheaveragecontemporary“manonthestreet.”a)Doesthetextofthe4thAmendmentpreventwiretappingwithoutaw

5、arrant?Taftsaidnoèlateroverturnedastoonarrowofaholding.b)Thebenefitsofthisapproach:i.Focusestheinquiryintoaverifiablesourceofinterpretationii.Setsboundariesfortheuseofpower.c)Theproblemswithtextualism:i.Beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder–peoplehavedifferentinterpretationsofwhatthe

6、samelineoftextwillmean.Meaningisinsertedbythereader,notbythewriterii.TheConstitutionisasparsedocument–notmuchtexttolookat.3.Structural–inferringrulesfromtherelationshipsthattheConstitutionmandatesamongthestructuresitsetsupa)CanthecourtissueasubpoenaforthePresident’spapers,pos

7、siblyinterferingwiththerelationshipbetweenthejudiciaryandtheexecutive?b)TheFederalConstitutionguaranteestherighttovote,butgivesCongressnoexplicitpowertoenforcethatright?Doesthestructureprovidesuchauthority?c)Bobbittsetsoutthreestepstothiskindofinterpretation:i.Makeanuncontrov

8、ersialstatementabouttheconstitutionalstructure(Wehaveagovernmentofen