小额信贷与经济增长，对印度经验的思考[文献翻译]

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1、原文MicrofinanceandEconomicGrowth–ReflectionsonIndianExperience1.IntroductionAchievingbalancedandinclusiveeconomicgrowthisakeychallengefacedbypolicymakersincountriesaroundtheworld.Thegainsofeconomicgrowthareaccessibletoagreaterextentbytherelativelyadvantaged,

2、whofinditeasiertoparticipateinthegrowthprocess.Poorerpeople,whoareseparatedbydistancefromtheurbanareaswhereeconomicactivityisconcentrated,havetowaitmuchlongertoreapthebenefitsofeconomicgrowth.Engagingthesesectionsofsocietyintheeconomicmainstreamisessentialt

3、oachievebalancedgrowth,whichiscriticalforthelong-termsustainabilityofsocialdevelopmentandeconomicprosperity.Accesstofinancialservicesisakeyelementoftheprocessofsocio-economicempowerment.Onlybydeliveringfinancialservicestopeopleinruralareasandlowerincomestra

4、tacantheybebroughtwithintheambitofeconomicactivity.Onlythencanthefullpotentialofthecountry’sphysicalandhumanresourcesberealised.Theruraleconomyrepresentsalargelatentdemandforcredit,savingsandriskmitigationproductslikeinsurance.Governmentsandregulatorsthewor

5、ldoverhavearticulatedtheexpansionoffinancialservicedeliverytothissegmentofthepopulationasapriorityobjective.2.TheImportanceofFinancialServicesThedeliveryoffinancialservicestolowerincomehouseholdsinruralareas,however,presentsauniquesetofchallenges.Thiscustom

6、ersegmenthasahighvolumeoflowvaluetransactionsandrequiresdoorstepservices,flexibilityintimingaswellassimpleproceduresanddocumentation.Theserequireasetofskillscompletelydifferentfromthosedeployedbymainstreamfinancialintermediaries.Atthesametime,traditionalmod

7、esofoutreach,likephysicalbranchnetworks,provetobeinappropriatebecauseoftheirhighcosts.Microfinanceisamodelwhichseekstoprovidefinancialservicestotheruralpopulationinaviableandsustainablemanner.83.MicrofinanceMicrofinanceencompassestheprovisionofabroadrangeof

8、servicessuchasdeposits,loans,paymentservices,moneytransfersandinsuranceproductstopoorandlow-incomehouseholdsandmicroenterprises.Microfinanceallowsreplacementofhigh-costdebtfrominformalsources,therebyin