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1、英美文化与国家概况BritishandAmericanStudies(BritishPart)UnitTwo大学英语第一教研室余非编2013年2月7/7Unit2TheBritishGovernmentContents:1.ConstitutionalMonarchy2.TheMonarch3.Parliament4.TheGovernmentandtheCabinet5.CivilServants----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2、--------------------1.ConstitutionalMonarchy（君主立宪政体）²TheBritishsystemofgovernmentisknownasaconstitutionalmonarchy.Inthissystem,theheadofstateisamonarch,kingorqueen.,butthemonarch’spowerislimitedbyabasiclawknownastheConstitution.²Britainwasthefirstcountrytoinstitutetheparliamentarysysteminthe13t
3、hcentury.Parliament,meaningaplaceforargumentanddebate,isthenation’ssupremelegislativeorgan.²TheBritishsystemofparliamentarygovernmentisoftenreferredtoastheWestminstermodelbecausethebuildingthathousestheBritishParliamentisoriginallycalledthePalaceofWestminster,whichissituatedinWestminster,acityw
4、ithinGreatLondon.ManycountriesaroundtheworldfollowtheWestminstermodel.²Inthissystem,Parliamentisthelegislature,anditsmembersareelectedthroughgeneralelections.Thelegislatureelectsthecountry’schiefexecutiveofficer,calledtheprimeminister,fromamongmembersofthemajoritypartyofParliament.²Theprimemini
5、sterthenselectsministers,mainlyfromamongmembersofParliament,sotheparliamentarymajorityalsocontrolstheexecutivedepartmentsofthegovernment.²TheBritishGovernmentiscomposedofthreetiers:1.theCentralGovernment2.theCountryGovernment7/71.theDistrictGovernment.Thelasttwotiersarealsocalledlocalgovernment
6、s²Intermsofstructure,theBritishcentralgovernmentincludesthreeparts:1.theMonarch2.theParliament,3.theCabinet.1.TheMonarch²Thethreeterms“monarch”,“monarchy”,and“crown”aredifferentinmeaningintheBritishsystemofgovernment.Themonarchreferstothekingorqueen,monarchymeansapoliticalsysteminwhichastateisr
7、uledbyamonarch,whilethecrownisthesymbolofsupremeexecutivepower.²TheBritishmonarchisstillregardedasheadofthestate.TheBritishGovernmentisalsocalledHer(His)Majesty’sGovernment（英王陛下政府）becausegovernmentministers,appointedbythemonarch,a
