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1、Availableonlineatwww.sciencedirect.comRemoteSensingofEnvironment112(2008)19–34www.elsevier.com/locate/rseRemotesensingofwoodyshrubcoverindesertgrasslandsusingMISRwithageometric-opticalcanopyreflectancemodela,⁎abcMarkChopping,LihongSu,AlbertRango,JohnV.Marto
2、nchik,bbDebraP.C.Peters,AndreaLaliberteaEarthandEnvironmentalStudies,MontclairStateUniversity,Montclair,NJ07043,USAbUSDA,ARSJornadaExperimentalRange,LasCruces,NM88003,USAcNASAJetPropulsionLaboratory,Pasadena,CA,91109,USAReceived13November2005;receivedinrevi
3、sedform10April2006;accepted15April2006AbstractAnewmethodisdescribedfortheretrievaloffractionalcoveroflargewoodyplants(shrubs)atthelandscapescaleusingmoderateresolutionmulti-angleremotesensingdatafromtheMultiangleImagingSpectroRadiometer(MISR)andahybridgeome
4、tric-optical(GO)canopyreflectancemodel.Remotesensingfromspaceistheonlyfeasiblemethodforregularlymappingwoodyshrubcoveroverlargeareas,animportantapplicationbecauseextensivewoodyshrubencroachmentintoformergrasslandshasbeenseeninaridandsemi-aridgrasslandsaroun
5、dtheworldduringthelast150years.ThemajordifficultyinapplyingGOmodelsindesertgrasslandsisthespatiallydynamicnatureofthecombinedsoilandunderstorybackgroundreflectance:thebackgroundisimportantandcannotbemodeledaseitheraLambertianscattererorbyusingafixedbidirect
6、ionalreflectancedistributionfunction(BRDF).CandidatepredictorsofthebackgroundBRDFattheSun-target-MISRangularsamplingconfigurationsincludedthevolumescatteringkernelweightfromaLi–RossBRDFmodel;diffusebrightness(ρ0)fromtheModifiedRahman-Pinty-Verstraete(MRPV)B
7、RDFmodel;otherLi–Rosskernelweights(isotropic,geometric);andMISRnear-nadirbidirectionalreflectancefactors(BRFs)intheblue,green,andnearinfra-redbands.Thebestmethodwasmultipleregressionontheweightsofakernel-drivenmodeland2MISRnadircamerablue,green,andnearinfra
8、-redbidirectionalreflectancefactors.TheresultsofforwardmodelingBRFsfora5.25kmareaintheUSDA,ARSJornadaExperimentalRangeusingtheSimpleGeometricModel(SGM)withthisbackgroundshowedgoodagreementwiththeMISRda
