饲养密度对笼养蛋鸡小肠组织结构和盲肠细菌种群的影响

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1、摘要为了探索饲养密度对蛋鸡肠道健康的影响，本实验通过设计不同的饲养密度，比较蛋鸡小肠肠道黏膜组织形态和盲肠肠道内细菌菌群区系，评价蛋鸡的健康情况，以选出利于蛋鸡健康的笼养密度，从而指导生产。随机选取1250只11周龄海兰灰（Hy-LineGray）蛋鸡，按照不同饲养密度随机分为5个处理组：A22222组900cm/只、B组675cm/只、C组540cm/只、D组450cm/只、E组380cm/只，每个处理内50个重复。5个处理组均在相同的环境和饲养管理模式下进行饲养。分别于16周龄、26周龄、50周龄时，在每个处理中随机选取5只鸡，取十二指肠、空肠、回肠肠道样本，测定其绒

2、毛高度和隐窝深度，并计算两者比值；取盲肠内容物，用PCR-DGGE法进行肠道菌群分析。结果表明：十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值均在26周龄2时较高，饲养密度为675cm/只时十二指肠、空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值较22高，饲养密度为675cm/只和450cm/只时回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值较高；饲养时间和饲养密度对蛋鸡盲肠肠道菌群均有着明显的影响，其中，26周龄时，各密度条件饲养下的蛋鸡盲肠肠道菌群差异较小，50周龄时，各密度条件饲养下的蛋鸡盲肠肠道菌群差异较大。盲肠肠道菌群主要包括拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、软壁菌门、放线菌门、蛋白菌门、酸杆菌门。综上所述，饲养

3、时间和饲养密度对蛋鸡盲肠肠道菌群均有着明显的影响，且2饲养密度为675cm/只时对小肠肠道形态的生长发育比较有利，有助于提高小肠的消化吸收功能。关键词：蛋鸡肠道健康，饲养密度，小肠组织结构，盲肠细菌种群，PCR-DGGEIAbstractToresearchtheeffectofstockingdensityontheintestinalhealthoflayinghens,thisresearchwereconductedbycomparingthemodalityofsmallintestinalmucosastructureandthemicrobialflorao

4、fcecumoflayinghenstreatedwithdifferentstockingdensity.115011-week-oldHy-lineGraylayinghenswererandomlyallocatedinto5222groupswith50replicationswiththestockingdensityof900cm,675cm,540cm,22450cmand380cmperlayerrespectively.Allthehenswererearedunderthesameenvironmentconditionandwiththesamema

5、nagementmodel.5henswereselectedrandomlyfromeverygroupattheageof16weeks,26weeksand50weeksrespectively,theintestinalsamplesofduodenum,jejunumandileumweretakentomeasuretheheightofvillusandthedepthofcrypt,andtocalculatetheratioofthevillusandthecrypt;thecontentsofcecumweretakentoanalyzethemicr

6、obyPCR-DGGE.Theresultsshowedthattheratioofthevillusandthecryptofthehenswerehigherattheageof26weeksinduodenum,jejunumandileum,theratioofthevillus2andthecryptwerehigherwhosestockingdensitywere675cmperlayerinduodenumandjejunum,theratioofthevillusandthecryptwerehigherwhose22stockingdensitywer

7、e675cmand450cmperlayerinileum.Boththeageofweeksandthestockingdensityinfluencedthemicrobialfloraofcecumalot.Therewerelessdiverseofthemicrobialfloraofcecumattheageof26weeksandlargerdifferencesatageof50week.ThemicrobialfloraofcecummainlyincludedBacteroidetes,Firmicutes