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1、38SEMICRYSTALLINEPOLYMERSVol.8SILANECOUPLINGAGENTSIntroductionThetermsilanecouplingagentgenerallyappliestosilicon-containingspeciesca-pableofformingchemicallinkagesbetweendissimilarmaterials,especiallyinreinforcedpolymercomposites.Thematerialstobelinkedareoftenorganicpoly-me
2、rsandinorganicfillers,thoughsilanecouplingagentscanalsobeusefulwithotherkindsoffillersandpolymers.Smallamountsofsilanecouplingagents,usedataninterface,cangreatlyimprovethemechanicalpropertiesofcompositema-terials.Theymayalsobeusedonformedpartsascoatingstoalterthesurfacepropert
3、iesofmaterials,orcopolymerizedintoorganicpolymers.Silanecouplingagentsarefoundinabroadrangeofapplicationsasvariedasmetalcoatings,dentalmaterials,andcontactlenses.Thepresentarticleisfocusedprimarilyontheiruseinpolymercomposites,wheretheyareusedasinterfacialmodifiers.Intheirmos
4、tcommonform,polymer-reinforcedcompositematerialsconsistofanorganicmatrixandinorganicfiller(herethetermfillerwillbeusedinagen-eralsense,andcanincludereinforcingfibers).Thepolymertypicallyformsthecontinuousphasethatprotectsthefillerfromenvironmentaldamageandholdsthecompositetogeth
5、er.Thefillerreinforces(improvesthestrengthandmodulus)orsimplytakesupspacewithoutdegradingthepropertiesofthepolymer.Thetransferofstressesbetweenthefiberandfilleriscriticalinachievingreinforce-ment.Binarymixturesofpolymerandfillercanhavepoormechanicalpropertiesbecauseofpoorinterac
6、tionsbetweenthem,whichresultinweakinterfaces.Theseinterfacesareoftenthesourceoffailureincompositesthroughdelamination.Fail-ureatinterfacesisespeciallyacuteinthepresenceofsmall-moleculechemicalspecies,suchaswater.EncyclopediaofPolymerScienceandTechnology.CopyrightJohnWiley&So
7、ns,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Vol.8SILANECOUPLINGAGENTS39Giventhewidespreaduseofsilanecouplingagents,therehavebeenanum-berofpapersandreviewsthathavefocussedontheirchemistry,application,andeffects.ThecornerstoneoftheseisthebookbyPlueddemann(1),whichdiscussesmostoftheaspectsofcoupl
8、ingagentapplication.Afewsymposium-basedbookshavealsobeenproduced(2),aswella
