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1、REVIEWaRtIclE
2、focuspublishedonline:29June2009
3、 doi:10.1038/nphoton.2009.111plasmonicsfornear-fieldnano-imagingandsuperlensingsatoshiKawata1,2,Yasushiinouye3andprabhatVerma1,3Diffractionoflightpreventsopticalmicroscopesfromhavingspatialresolutionbeyondavaluecomparabletothewavelengthoft
4、heprobinglight.Thisessentiallymeansthatvisiblelightcannotimagenanomaterials.Herewereviewthemechanismforgoingbeyondthisdiffractionlimitanddiscusshowmanipulationoflightbymeansofsurfaceplasmonspropagatingalongthemetalsurfacecanhelptoachievethis.Theinterestingbehaviouroflightundertheinflue
5、nceofplasmonsnotonlyallowssuperlensing,inwhichperfectimagingispossiblethroughaflatthinmetalfilm,butcanalsoprovidenano-imagingofpracticalsamplesbyusingalocalizedsurfaceplasmonmodeatthetipofametallicnanoprobe.Wealsodiscussthecurrentresearchstatusandsomeintriguingfuturepossibilities.cient
6、istshavelongdreamtofanopticalmicroscopethatcanbemanipulatedtoobtainadesiredvalueofthespatialresolution.Tosbeusedtoseeasampleinnanometreresolution.Becauselightobtainsuper-resolution,weneedtoshortenthewavelength.Butatthepropagatesthroughwaterandair,anopticalmicroscopecanbesametime,tostay
7、inthevisibleorinfraredregioninordertoimageusedtosee,invivo,thedetailsoflivingmatterandothermaterialsintheintrinsicpropertiesofasampleasshownbyitselectronicorvi-theirunperturbednaturalcondition.Inaddition,anopticalmicro-brationalenergies,wemustnotchangethefrequencyortheenergyscopeprovid
8、escolourimagesthatcontainmuchricherinformationofthelight.thanothermicroscopesinwhichonlymonochromeimagesarepro-Thewavelengthoflightisinverselyproportionaltotheangularduced.Inparticular,thevisibleandmid-infraredregionoflightcov-frequency,ω,asλ=2πc/ω,wherecisthespeedoflight.Ifonecanersth
9、eenergiescorrespondingtotheelectronictransitionsinatomsreducethespeedoflightwhilekeepingthefrequencyconstant,theandtomolecularvibrations,allowingopticalmicroscopestoprovidewavelengthoflightcanbeshortenedandhenceahigherresolutionob-informationrelatedtotheintrinsicpropertiesofthesample
