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1、Syntax14:1,March2011,74–95DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9612.2010.00146.xDerivingtheEdge:WhatÕsinaPhase?MarcD.RichardsAbstract.ThisarticleoffersacriticalconceptualdiscussionandrefinementofChomskyÕs(2000,2001,2007,2008)phasesystem,addressingmanyoftheproblematicaspectshighlightedinthecritiqueofBoeckx&Gro
2、hmann(2007)andseekingtoresolvetheseissues,inparticularthestipulativeandarbitrarypropertiesofphasesandphaseedgesencodedinthe(variousversionsofthe)PhaseImpenetrabilityCondition(PIC).ChomskyÕs(2000)originalconceptionofphasesaslexicalsubarraysisdemonstratedtoderivethesepropertiesstraightforward
3、lyonceasingleassumptionaboutthepairwisecompositionofphasesismade,andthePICisreducedtoitsnecessarycoreundertheStrongMinimalistThesis(SMT)—namely,theprovisionofanedge.Finally,acomparisonisundertakenofthelexical-subarrayconceptionofphaseswiththefeature-inheritancesystemofChomsky2007,2008,inwhi
4、chphasesaresimplythelocusofuninterpretablefeatures(probes).BothconceptionsarearguedtoconformtotheSMT,andbothconvergeonapairwisecompositionofphases.However,thetwoconceptionsofphasesarearguedtobemutuallyincompatibleinnumerousfundamentalways,withnocurrentprospectofunification.Thelexical-subarra
5、yconceptionofphasesisthentobepreferredongroundsofgreaterempiricaladequacy.1.Introduction:TheConceptionofPhasesundertheSMT1Chomsky(MI,DbP,BEA,OP)hasclaimedthatcyclictransfertotheinterfacesisapropertyofanywell-designedlanguagesystem,inconformancewiththeStrongMinimalistThesis(SMT),whichistheas
6、sumptionofoptimal,efficientdesignforthesatisfactionofinterfaceconditions.Thephase,astheunitofcyclictransfer,optimizestheefficiencyofthemappingbetweensyntaxandtheexternalsystemsinatleasttwoways:itreducescomputationalburden(memoryload)viatheperiodic‘‘forgetting’’ofderivationalinformation,yieldi
7、ngstrongcyclicity,anditeliminatesredundantinternallevelsandcompositionalcyclesinfavorofsingle-cyclegenerationwithperiodictransfertotheinterfaces(OP:4,8).Ifweaccepttheseconceptualarguments,thensomenotionofphaseisnecessary—thatis,phasesareaprincipledproper
