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1、2216Chem.Mater.1994,6,2216-2219Clay-ReinforcedEpoxyNanocompositesthecompositetypicallyresemblethoseoftheceramich0st.10-l~Incontrast,inanexfoliatednanocompos-ite,theindividual10-A-thickclaylayersareseparatedTieLanandThomasJ.Pinnavaia*inacontinuouspolymermatrixbyaverag
2、edistancesthatdependonloading.Usually,theclaycontentofanDepartmentofChemistryandexfoliatedclaycompositeismuchlowerthanthatofanCenterforFundamentalMaterialsResearchintercalatednanocomposite.Consequently,anexfoli-MichiganStateUniversityatednanocompositehasamonolithicst
3、ructurewithEastLansing,Michigan48824propertiesrelatedprimarilytothoseofthestartingpolymer.ReceivedJuly26,1994Theexfoliationofsmectiteclaysprovides10-A-thickRevisedManuscriptReceivedSeptember20,1994silicatelayerswithhighin-planebondstrengthandaspectratioscomparabletot
4、hosefoundforfiber-Hybridorganic-inorganiccompositestypicallyexhibitreinforcedpolymercomposites.Exfoliatedclaynano-mechanicalpropertiessuperiortothoseoftheirseparatecompositesformedbetweenorganocationexchangedcomponents.Tooptimizetheperformancepropertiesmontmorillonit
5、esandthermoplasticnylon-6havere-ofthesematerials,itisusuallydesirabletodispersethecentlybeendescribedbyToyotare~earchers.l*-'~Clayinorganiccomponentsintheorganicmatrixonana-exfoliationinthenylon-6matrixgaverisetogreatlynometerlength~cale.l-~Onesuccessfulapproachtoimp
6、rovedmechanical,thermal,andrheologicalproper-achievingsuchnanocompositesistheinsitupolymer-ties,makingpossiblenewmaterialsapplicationsofthisizationofmetalalkoxidesinorganicmatricesviathepolymer.17,18sol-gelprocess.Inorganiccomponents,especiallysilica,Epoxy-exfoliated
7、claynanocompositesformedfromhavebeenformedbythehydrolysisandcondensationEpon-828resinandm-phenylenediamineasthecuringofamononuclearprecursor,suchastetraethoxysilaneagenthavebeenpreparedinourlaboratoryusinglong-(TEOS),inmanypolymersystem^.^-^Owingtothelosschainalkylam
8、monium-exchangedsmectiteclay^.^^^^^ofvolatilebyproductsformedinthehydrolysidconden-Themechanicalpropertiesoftheexfoliatednanocom-sa
