15-Chemical Kinetics .pdf

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1、Chemistry140Fall2002Chapter15:ChemicalKinetics（化学动力学）Contents15-1TheRateofaChemicalReaction15-2MeasuringReactionRates15-3EffectofConcentrationonReactionRates:TheRateLaw15-4Zero-OrderReactions15-5First-OrderReactions15-6Second-OrderReactions15-7ReactionKinetics:AS

2、ummary15-8TheoreticalModelsforChemicalKinetics15-9TheEffectofTemperatureonReactionRates15-10ReactionMechanisms15-11CatalysisFocusOnCombustionandExplosionsSlide2of991Chemistry140Fall200215-1TheRateofaChemicalReaction化学反应的速率NI3的分解H2O2的分解Slide3of9915-1TheRateofaChem

3、icalReaction化学反应的速率•Rateofchangeofconcentrationwithtime.（化学反应的速率可用反应物或生成物浓度随时间的变化率表示）2Fe3+(aq)+Sn2+→2Fe2+(aq)+Sn4+(aq)t=00.003M0.0015M00t=38.5s0.0020M0.0010M0.0010M0.0005M?C-0.0010M-0.0005M0.0010M0.0005M?[Fe2+]0.0010MRateofformationofFe2+===2.6×10-5Ms-1?t38.5sSli

4、de4of992Chemistry140Fall200215-1TheRateofaChemicalReaction化学反应的速率•Rateofchangeofconcentrationwithtime.（化学反应的速率可用反应物或生成物浓度随时间的变化率表示）2Fe3+(aq)+Sn2+→2Fe2+(aq)+Sn4+(aq)?C-0.0010M-0.0005M0.0010M0.0005M?[Fe2+]0.0010MRateofformationofFe2+===2.6×10-5Ms-1?t38.5s-?[Sn2+]0.

5、0005MRateofdisappearanceofSn2+===1.3×10-5Ms-1?t38.5sSlide5of99RatesofChemicalReaction2Fe3+(aq)+Sn2+→2Fe2+(aq)+Sn4+(aq)1?[Fe3+]?[Sn2+]1?[Fe2+]?[Sn4+]－=－===v2?t?t2?t?t单位：mol·L-1·s-1mol·L-1·min-1mol·L-1·hr-1etc.Slide6of993Chemistry140Fall2002GeneralRateofReactionaA+

6、bB→cC+dDAveragerateofreactionv=rateofdisappearanceofreactants1?[A]1?[B]=-=-a?tb?t=rateofappearanceofproducts1?[C]1?[D]==c?td?tSlide7of99PracticeAccordingtothereactionbelow,whenNOisreactingattherateof0.10molL-1s-1,atwhatrateisOreacting?22NO(g)+O(g)2NO(g)2A.0.30mol

7、L-1s-1B.0.20molL-1s-1C.√0.050molL-1s-1D.0.10molL-1s-1Slide8of994Chemistry140Fall200215-2MeasuringReactionRates(反应速率的测定)HO(aq)→HO(l)+½O(g)2222Method:A:MeasuringthevolumeofoxygenformedB:MeasuringtheconcentrationofH2O2remained2MnO4-(aq)+5H2O2(aq)+6H+→2Mn2++8H2O(l)+5

8、O2(g)Slide9of99MeasuringReactionRates(反应速率的测定)Slide10of995Chemistry140Fall2002MeasuringReactionRates(反应速率的测定)DeterminingandUsinganInitialRateofReaction.H2O2O2S