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1、材料科学MaterialScience1.你在“工程力学”这门课中都学习了哪些知识？Whatdidyoulearninthecourse“EngineeringMechanics”?Mechanicscanbedividedintostatics,kinematicsanddynamics.Themechanicsbranchrelatedwithmyprofessionismaterialmechanics.Andstaticsisthefoundationofmaterialmechanics.Sodurin
2、gthiscoursewelearnaboutStaticmechanicsfirstthenlearnaboutMaterialsmechanics.2.关于静力学，你都学习了哪些知识？WhatknowledgehaveyoulearnedaboutStaticmechanics?Firstly,welearnedsomebasicconceptofEngineeringMechanics.Componentsareconstituentpartsofthemachineandstructure.Whenafo
3、rceisappliedtoanobject,itmaychangethesizeanddirectionoftheobject'svelocity,whichiscalledthemotioneffect(externaleffect).Onanotherhand,itmayalsochangetheshapeofanobject,whichiscalledthedeformationeffect(internaleffect).Inthestatics,weonlyconsiderthedeformation
4、effectofforce.Undertheactionofexternalforce,thesizeandshapeofthecomponentshaveachange,andthatchangecallsdeformation.Deformationofcomponentscanbedividedintotwokinds.Whentheforceisremoved,somedeformationdisappear,componentscanrecoveritssizeandshape,thosedeforma
5、tioncallselasticdeformation.Whentheforceisremoved,somedeformationremain,componentscannotrecoveritssizeandshape,thosedeformationcallsplasticdeformation.Thelargerexternalforceis,thelargerdeformationhappen.Whentheexternalforcegettoobig,itmaycausethehugeplasticde
6、formationevenfractureofthecomponent.Obviously,thismakemachineandstructurecan'twork.Theabilityofcomponenttoresistdamage(hugeplasticdeformationandfracture)underexternalforcesiscalledstrength.Ifnotableelasticdeformationoccurs,althoughitcanberestored,butbeforeitb
7、erestored,theyalsocausemachinecan'twork.Theabilityofcomponenttoresistdeformationunderexternalforcesiscalled rigidity.Althoughnonotabledeformationoccurs,sometimesonlytheoriginalbalancebetweenthecomponentsisbroken,themachinecannotworkproperlytoo.Theabilityofcom
8、ponentstokeeptheiroriginalbalanceunderexternalforcesiscalled stability.Wesupposethatthereisakindofmaterial,itneverchangeitsshapeunderexternalforce,thismaterialcallsrigidbody.Rigidbodyisno
