Exocytosis and growth do not occur only at hyphal tips.PDF

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1、MolecularMicrobiology(2011)81(1),4–7doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07702.xFirstpublishedonline7June2011MicroCommentaryExocytosisandgrowthdonotoccuronlyathyphaltipsmmi_77024..7NickD.Read*AnotheroutstandingfeatureoffilamentousfungiistheirFungalCellBiologyGroup,InstituteofCellBiology

2、,supremeprowessatsecretingadiversearrayandlargeUniversityofEdinburgh,EdinburghEH93JH,UK.amountsofdigestiveenzymesintotheirsurroundingenvironment.Thisattributeisparticularlyimportantforfungitomaintaintheirheterotrophiclifestyle‘withtheirSummarygutsontheoutside’.Theexocytosisofext

3、racellularMycologistshaveputextremeemphasisonhyphaltipenzymeshaspreviouslyfocusedprimarilyonhyphaltipsgrowthastheprimarymodeofgrowthinfilamentousbuttheycanalsobesecretedfromotherhyphallocationsfungi.Muchattentionhasalsobeenfocusedonthe(Wöstenetal.,1991;Moukhaetal.,1993).exocytosi

4、sofextracellularenzymesfromhyphaltips.AthirdcharacteristicfeatureofhigherfungiisthattheyHowever,growthandexocytosiscommonlyoccuratundergocomplexmulticellulardevelopmentinaradicallyhyphallocationsotherthantips.HereIbrieflyreviewdifferentwaytoanimalsandplants.Thisisbecauseourlimite

5、dunderstandingofgrowthandexocytosisfungalmulticellularityisachievedbytheaggregationandduringintercalaryhyphalextension,subapicaladhesionofseptatehyphaethatsubsequentlydifferen-branchinitiation,septumformationandsecondarytiateintothespecializedcellsofdiversemulticellular,wallthic

6、kening.Secretionofextracellularenzymesmulti-hyphalstructures(e.g.toadstools,othertypesofandadhesionmoleculesfromsubapicalhyphalfruitbodies,rhizomorphs,sclerotia,lichenthalliandbio-regionsisalsodiscussed.Recentresearchusingfilms)(LordandRead,2011).Mostoftheadhesivesthatadvancedliv

7、e-cellimagingtechniques(e.g.Hay-arecriticalformulticellulardevelopmentinfungiareprob-akawaetal.,2011inthisissue)isprovidingnewablycommonlysecretedfromsubapicalhyphalregionsinsightsintothemechanisticbasisofmanyofthesebutthisisavirtuallyunexploredyetfundamentallyimpor-processes.ta

8、ntareaoffungaldevelopmentalbiology.HereIsummari