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1、SEANCOYLEHART,RAZANDTHECONCEPTOFALEGALSYSTEM(Accepted10September2001)ABSTRACT.Anunderpinningassumptionofmodernlegalpositivismisthatthequestionofhowlegalstandardsdifferfromnormativestandardsinotherspheresofhumanthoughtisresolvedviatheconceptofalegalsystemandthenotionofinternallogic
2、,throughuseofcontextualdefinition.Thisapproachisseentoleadtoanuntenableformofstructuralismaltogetheratoddswiththepositivist’sintentions.Analternativestrategyisofferedwhichallowsthepositiviststoretaintheirdeepestinsights,thoughataprice.KEYWORDS:institutionaltheory,internallogic,lega
3、lsystem,positivism,semantics,structuralismI.INTRODUCTIONOnecentralquestionforlegalpositivistsis:howdoeslawdifferinessentialrespectsfrompoliticalstandardsontheonehand,andmoralityontheother?Thisquestionhassometimes(andunwisely)beenseenbysomecriticaltheoristsasforcinglegalpositivismi
4、ntoabattleontwofronts:thoughthepositivistiscommittedtomaintainingsomeconceptualdistancebetweenlawandthekindofobjectivemoralstandardswhichoftenformthebasisofnaturallawclaims,1thiscannot–ifpositivismissustainable–leadtoasituationinwhichthecriteriaemployedbyjudgesinreachingdecisionsa
5、tlawembodynomorethanthesubstantivepoliticalleaningsofthecollectivitytowhichthelawapplies.Thoughthepicturethiscriticismraisesisperhapsnaïveinitsassumptionofakindofequidistancebetweenpositivismanditsobjectivistandsubjectivistrivals,theunderlyingpointitmakesmightneverthe-lessbetroubl
6、ing:inwhatsenseislaw,accordingtothepositivists,1Thepictureofnaturallawwhichthisdilemmaposesis,ofcourse,question-ableonindependentgrounds.Idonothoweverproposetogointothisquestioninthepresentpaper.LawandPhilosophy21:275–304,2002.©KluwerLawInternational2002.276SEANCOYLEreallylaw?Cont
7、emporarypositivism’sattractionasatheoryderivedfromitsabilityseeminglytoreplaceimplausibleassumptionsaboutconceptualstructurestowhichwehadnoobviousepistemicaccess(likeGrundnormsorcategoricalimperatives)withsomewhatmoreplausibleonesconcerningknowablecriteriaofrecognition(suchasHart’
8、sRuleofRecognition),withoutthreat
