Designing landscapes as evolutionary systems [Martin Prominski].pdf

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1、designinglandscapesasevolutionarysystemsMartinProminskiAbstractInthelasttwentyyears,thetheoreticaldebatehasshifted“Landscape”fromagreen,arcadianoppositeofthebuiltenvironmenttowardsacomprehensiveembodimentofourartificialmodernity.ExamplesfromthisdebateareJ.B.JacksonsdefinitionofLand

2、scapeasa“dynamicsystemofmanmadespaces”orR.P.Sieferlesconcept“TotalLandscape”,wheretheformerantagoniststownandcountryhavedissolvedintoahomogeneousstructurecompletelycharacterizedbytheacceleratedprocessesofmodernization.Thisnewperspectivehighlightsthreepreviouslyneglectedissues:uncer

3、tainty,processesandrelations.Asaspatialandtemporalterrain,alandscapeiscontinuouslychanginginanunpredictableway,steeredbytherelationsofthesitewithitsspecificcontext–anevolvingsysteminsteadofastaticimage.LandscapeArchitecture,theprofessionwhichisresponsibleforthedemandingtaskofdesign

4、ingtheseevolvingsystems,hasproducedsomeconceptuallyremarkableprojectsinrecentyears.Thepaperdiscussesthreeexamplesofcontemporarylandscapearchitecturewhichofferinsightsindesigningevolutionarysystems.Theseprojectsdealwiththeproblemofdeterminacyvs.indeterminacy,theintegrationoftimeinde

5、signandsystemicopenessforchangesinthedesignenvironment.Furthermore,theyexpresscomprehensivelytheabilityofdesigntodealwithcomplexity,uncertainty,uniquenessandvalueconflictsasdescribedbyDonaldSchön.Finally,theyallowanoutlookforchangingaclassical,scenicaesthetictowardsarelationalaesth

6、eticor“systemsaesthetic”whichtheartcriticJackBurnhamalreadyannouncedin1968.Asaconclusion,thequestionisdiscussedhowtheseinsightsfromdesigninglandscapescouldaddchunksofknowledgetothegeneraldesigntheorydebate.Keywords:LandscapeTheory;SystemsAesthetic;EvolutionarySystems;EcologicalDesi

7、gnIntroductionLandscapeisoneofthemostcomplexdesignobjects,combiningvariousnaturalandculturallayerswhichareincontinuousflux.Thisoffersalotofpotentialforinspiringdesigns,butuntilveryrecently,theproductsoflandscapearchitectureweretheoreticallyratherdullandcouldnotaddanythingrelevantto

8、thegeneraldesigndebate.Thi