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1、HumanStudies22:211–233,1999.SILENCEINCONTEXT211©1999KluwerAcademicPublishers.PrintedintheNetherlands.SilenceinContext:EthnomethodologyandSocialTheoryMICHAELLYNCHDepartmentofHumanSciences,BrunelUniversity,Uxbridge,Middlesex,UB83PH,U.K.(e-mail:michael.lynch@
2、brunel.ac.uk)Abstract.Ethnomethodologists(oratleastmanyofthem)havebeenreticentabouttheirtheoreticalsourcesandmethodologicalprinciples.Itfrequentlyfallstootherstomakesuchmattersexplicit.InthispaperIdiscussthissilenceabouttheory,butratherthanenteringthebreac
3、hbyspecifyingasetofimplicitassumptionsandprinciples,Isuggestthatthereticenceisconsistentwithethnomethodology’sdistinctiveresearch‘program’.ThemainpartofthepaperdescribesthepedagogicalexercisesandformsofapprenticeshipthroughwhichGarfinkelandSacksaimedtodeve
4、lopethnomethodologyasapractice.Theseeffortswerenotentirelysuccessful,partlybecauseethnomethodological‘practice’requiredanengagementwithotherfully-fledgedpractices.Asidefromthedifficultiesofmasteringsuchpractices,itwasunclearwhatanethnomethodologicalstudywo
5、uldaddto,ortakefrom,them.Whethersuccessfulornot,ethnomethodologicalresearchpointstothespecificityofdiscourseandactioninanygivenpracticewhichageneraltheoryisboundtomisconstrue.Currentdisputesaboutculturalconstructivistversionsofnaturalscienceillustratethepr
6、oblemsthatarisewhenthetermsofageneraltheoryareusedtodescribeandevaluatespecificdomainsofpractice.Thepaperconcludesbyrecommendingethnomethodologyasawaytodissolveanunbridgeablegapbetweenculturaltheoriesandsociallylocatedpractices.DuringacolloquiuminSummer197
7、5,HarveySackspresentedapubliclectureontheorganizationofatypeofquestion-answersequence.1Afterwards,agentlemanintheaudiencestoodupandaskedaquestionthatwentsomethinglikethis:“IfIputaguntoyourhead,andaskedyoutonamethetheoristwhohadthemostinfluenceonyourwork,wh
8、owouldyoumention?”2Sackswassmokingacigarette(whichwaspermissibleintheUSatthetime).Hepaused.Withheaddown,andhiscigaretteatthelipofanashtray,heheldthepausewhileperiodicallyflickingtheashes.Thiswentonforaminuteo
