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1、TheJohnsHopkinsComparativeNonprofitSectorProjectGlobalCivilSocietyDimensionsoftheNonprofitSectorLesterM.SalamonHelmutK.AnheierReginaListStefanToeplerS.WojciechSokolowskiandAssociatesTheJohnsHopkinsCenterforCivilSocietyStudiesBaltimore,MD•1999Copyright©1999,LesterM.SalamonAllright
2、sreservedNopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedforcommercialpur-posesinanyformorbyanymeanswithoutpermissioninwritingfromthecopyrightholderattheaddressbelow.Partsofthispublicationmaybereproducedfornon-commercialpurposessolongastheauthorsandpublisheraredulyacknowledg
3、ed.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaFirstPrintingISBN1-886333-42-4Productioneditors:MimiBilzorandReginaListCoverartanddesign:DougHessCopiesofthispublicationareavailableforapriceof$34.95each,plus$5.00forthefirstbookand$2.00foreachadditionalbookforshippingandhandling.Prepaymentisr
4、equiredonallorders.Pricesformultiplecopiesprovidedonrequest.Directallin-quiriestotheaddressnotedbelow,orthefollowing:e-mail:jh_cnpsp@jhu.edu;fax:(410)516-7818;telephone:(410)516-4523.CenterforCivilSocietyStudiesInstituteforPolicyStudiesTheJohnsHopkinsUniversity3400N.CharlesStre
5、etBaltimore,MD21218-2688,USATheJohnsHopkinsCenterforCivilSocietyStudies(CCSS)seekstoencouragethede-velopmentandeffectiveoperationofnot-for-profit,philanthropic,or“civilsociety”or-ganizationsthatprovideorganizedvehiclesfortheexerciseofprivateinitiativeinthecommongood,oftenincolla
6、borationwithgovernmentandthebusinesssector.CCSSispartoftheJohnsHopkinsInstituteforPolicyStudiesandcarriesoutitsworkinter-nationallythroughacombinationofresearch,training,andinformation-sharing.CHAPTER1CivilSocietyinComparativePerspective1LesterM.Salamon,HelmutK.Anheier,andAssoc
7、iatesBACKGROUNDRecentyearshavewitnessedaconsiderablesurgeofinterestthroughouttheworldinthebroadrangeofsocialinstitutionsthatoperateoutsidetheconfinesofthemarketandthestate.Knownvariouslyasthe“nonprofit,”the“voluntary,”the“civilsociety,”the“third,”orthe“independent”sector,thisseto
8、finstitutionsincludeswithinitasometimesbewilderingarra
