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1、Personality,Lifestyle,andDeathRichardS.PerrottoInthehistoryofmankind,itisdifficulttofindatopicmoreancientthandeathanddying.Thistopichaspersistentlyoccupiedthethoughtsofphilosophers,theologians,scientist,andmostcertainlytheaveragehumanbeing.Scientificinvestigationofthistopicdidriotbegininearnestuntil
2、themid-1950'sforreasonsyetopentoconjecture.Certainly,theFreudiannotionthatwecannotacceptourownmortalitysincewecannot"know"deathhasprovidedaquickandconvenientrationaleforskirtingtheissue(Freud,1915,1917).Theideathatwecannot"know"deathisalsofoundinthewritingsoftheeminentsuicidologistEdwinShneidmanwhow
3、rotethatpeoplecanonly"know"deathasoneexperiencethedeathofanother,orasoneanticipatesitforhimself(1973).ThelatteriswhatSneidmancalls"knowledgethroughthePostself";thecurrentanticipationofwhattheworldwillbelikewhenthepersonisabsentfromitandhowhisfame,reputation,andimpact.willbeperceived.ThePostselfmaybe
4、inscribedin:a.thememoriesofothers;b-thestimulationoftheworksanddeedsofothersthroughone'sownworks;c.thebodiesofothersthroughorgantransplantation;d.thegenesofone'sprogenyande.thecosmosaspartoftheuniverse.AccordingtoShneidman,ifonecouldexperiencedeathdirectly,onewouldnotbedead!Thisattitudetowarddeathha
5、shelpedfosterthereputationofoursocietyasdeath-defyinganddeath-denying.ItcanbeclearlyseeninJudeo-Christianbeliefsthatstresseternallifeevenifcorporealexistenceisephemeral,andintheeuphemisticverbalizationsthatrefertodeathasexpiration,beingdeceased,passingaway,andintheusualdeviceofavoidingreferencetothe
6、termdeathaltogetherforfearthatsuchusagemayactualizeit.Death-denyinganddefyingisalsoconspicuousinthepracticesofphysiciansandother"healing"professionalswherenewlife-extendingtechniquesaboundinaseeminglyvainattempttoprevent(oratleastpostpone)whatnopersoncan.Giventhatweliveinadeath-denyingsociety,adeath
7、awarenessmovementhasbeencounterposedinanattempttodealdirectlywithahumanconcernfortheplightofthedyingperson.Oneofthebasictenetsofthismovementmaintainsthatsincedeathisinevitable,itwouldbecounterproducti
