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1、本科毕业论文外文翻译原文外文题目：GlobalizationandtheReorganizationofJapan’sAutoPartsIndustry出处：InternationalJournalofAutomotiveTechnologyandManagement作者：UlrikeSchaede,SchoolofInternationalRelationsandPacificStudies(IR/PS)UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego原文：Globalizati
2、onandtheReorganizationofJapan’sAutoPartsIndustryIntroductionOneprominentfeatureofJapaneseautomobilemanufacturinginthepostwarperiodwasasystemofsourcingpartsfromcloselyaffiliatedsmallerfirmsinlong-term,stablerelations.Grownfromnecessityintheearly1950sa
3、ndturnedintoavirtuewiththeintroductionoftheToyotaProductionSysteminthe1960s,Japan’ssubcontractingsystemhadmitigatedproblemsofasymmetricinformationanduncertaintybyturningsuppliersintocollaboratorswithakeeninterestinalong-termrelationshipthroughknowled
4、geinfusion.Thus,stablesubcontractingofferedasolutiontotheproblemsassociatedwitheitherarm’s-lengthsourcingorfullverticalintegration(e.g.,Ahmadjian/Lincoln2001,Asanuma1989,Dyer2000,McMillan1990,Smitka1991).However,thecombinationofglobalizationwithchang
5、esinautomotiveproductionandsourcingprocesseshaveledtoareconfigurationofJapan’ssubcontractingsystem.Beginninginthe1990s,thelocationofproductionabroadacceleratedgreatly,whilepricecompetitionarrivedinJapanaslargebuyersrealizedcostsavingsfromglobalsourci
6、ngoflowvalue-addedparts.Meanwhile,modulizationmeantthatfirst-tiersuppliersbecamemuchmoreimportant,especiallythosealsochargedwithODM(originaldesignmanufacturing).Aslargecarassemblersswitchedtoglobalbulksourcingforstandardpartsandmoreextensivecollabora
7、tionwithfirst-tiersuppliersforcriticalparts,Japan’spreviouspyramid-shapedsubcontractorkeiretsubegantocollapse,andanewsystemcalled“customermeshing”emerged.Whilethenewcompetitionthreatenedthelivelihoodofthird-andfourth-tiersuppliers,italsotriggeredarec
8、onfigurationofJapan’sautopartsindustrybyinvitingmergersthathaveresultedinlarger,strongerautopartscompanies.Inspiteoftheseimportantdevelopments,theconventionalwisdomofJapan’ssubcontractorstructurehasremainedlargelyunrevised.Thispaperexplainshowglobali
