当地含量的限制与阻碍对服务业外商直接投资的影响【外文翻译】

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1、本科毕业论文外文翻译原文ImpactofLocalContentRestrictionsandBarriersAgainstForeignDirectInvestmentinServicesTheCaseofKazakhstan’sAccessiontotheWorldTradeOrganizationJesperJensenandDavidTarrTheworkingpartyontheaccessionofKazakhstantotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)wasestablishedonFebruary6,1996.Bilateralmarketacces

2、snegotiationsbeganinOctober1997andarecontinuingonthebasisofrevisedoffersingoodsandservices.Since2004,theaccessionnegotiationshaveacquiredincreasedmomentum.AdraftreportoftheworkingpartywaspreparedbytheWTOsecretariatinMay2005.Basedonthisreport,thechairmanoftheworkingpartyontheaccessionofKazakhstanindi

3、catedthatKazakhaccession“hastakenanimportantstepforward.”HestatedfurtherthatprogresswouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutkeydomesticreformsandtheenthusiasmoftheKazakhnegotiatingteam.By2007,someKazakhofficialswere(over)optimisticallyforecastingaccessionbytheendoftheyear.WedocumentthattheKazakhtariffstructu

4、reisnothighlydistorted.Ontheotherhand,barrierstoforeigndirectinvestorsremainsignificantinseveralkeybusinessservicesectorsandarethefocusofnegotiationsbetweenKazakhstanandtheWTOworkingparty.DespitetheimportantrolethattherightsofmultinationalinvestorsinbusinessservicesplayinWTOaccessionnegotiations—and

5、intheKazakhnegotiationsinparticular—untilrecently,modelershavebeenunabletoassesstheeffectoftheliberalizationofbarrierstoforeigndirectinvestment(FDI)inbusinessservices.ThispaperfollowstherecentinnovativestructureofthemodelsforRussiaofJensenetal.(2006;2007).Thatis,wenumericallyassesstheliberalizationo

6、fbarrierstoforeigndirectinvestorsinbusinessservicesinamultisectorappliedgeneralequilibriummodel,forwhichDixit–Stiglitz(1977)variety-productivityeffectsarecrucialtotheresults.Localcontentpoliciesincrudeoilandgasareanimportantaspectoftheaccessionnegotiations.Atissueiswhethermultinationaloilproducersth

7、atinvestinKazakhstanareencouragedtopurchaseKazakhinputsinamannerthatisinconsistentwiththeTrade-RelatedInvestmentMeasures(TRIMS)agreementoftheWTO.Modelinglocalcontentpoliciesrequiresamodelingframeworkt