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1、ReligionandAmericanLaw:AnEncyclopediaEditorPaulFinkelmanChapmanDistinguishedProfessorUniversityofTulsaCollegeofLawGARLANDPUBLISHING,INC.AMEMBEROFTHETAYLOR&FRANCISGROUPNewYork&London2000Publishedin2000byGarlandPublishingInc.AMemberoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup19UnionSquareWestNewYork,NY10003Thise
2、ditionpublishedintheTaylor&Francise-Library,2005.“TopurchaseyourowncopyofthisoranyofTaylor&FrancisorRoutledge’scollectionofthousandsofeBookspleasegotowww.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”Copyright©2000byPaulFinkelmanAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilizedinanyformorbya
3、nyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublishers.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongressISBN0-203-42822-6Mastere-b
4、ookISBNISBN0-203-44116-8(AdobeeReaderFormat)IdedicatethisbooktothememoryofRoseSobelFinkelmanandHymanFinkelmanandMashahYourkowskyDobbisandIsadoreDobbiswhocametotheUnitedStatesseekingreligiouslibertyandfoundit.ContentsIntroductionviContributorsxTheEncyclopedia1IndexofCases836SubjectIndex852In
5、troduction“WeareareligiouspeoplewhoseinstitutionspresupposeaSupremeBeing.”SowroteJusticeWilliamO.DouglasinZorachv.Clausenin1952.Hewas,ofcourse,right.WeannounceourtrustinGodonourmoney.WeproclaimourallegiencetoourflagandourRepublic,inthesamesentencethatwedeclareournationis“underGod.”OurSuprem
6、eCourtbeginseachtermwithapleathat“GodsavetheUnitedStatesandthishonorableCourt.”AlmosteverypresidenthasinvokedGodinhisinauguraladdressaswellasinmomentsofnationalcrisisorcelebration.Weareequallyadiversepeople,whoworshipindifferentways,todifferentcadences,andindeedtodifferentGods.Ourholytexts—
7、theGospels,thePentateuch,theKoran,theBookofMormon,theGranthSahib,theBhagavadGiti,andScienceandHealthwithKeytotheScriptures—telldifferentstories,proclaimdifferentvalues,andreflecttheculturesoftheworld.Ourholylanguagesarevaried,andweprayintheGermanofLuthei