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1、IEEETRANSACTIONSONCONTROLSYSTEMSTECHNOLOGY,VOL.13,NO.4,JULY2005559PIDControlSystemAnalysis,Design,andTechnologyKiamHeongAng,GregoryChong,StudentMember,IEEE,andYunLi,Member,IEEEAbstract—Designingandtuningaproportional-integral-deriva-developmentofvariousPIDtuningtechniques,sophisticatedtive(PID
2、)controllerappearstobeconceptuallyintuitive,butcansoftwarepackages,andhardwaremodules.behardinpractice,ifmultiple(andoftenconflicting)objectivesThesuccessandlongevityofPIDcontrollerswerecharacter-suchasshorttransientandhighstabilityaretobeachieved.izedinarecentIFACworkshop,whereover90papersdedi
3、catedUsually,initialdesignsobtainedbyallmeansneedtobeadjustedrepeatedlythroughcomputersimulationsuntiltheclosed-looptoPIDresearchwerepresented[28].Withmuchofacademicre-systemperformsorcompromisesasdesired.Thisstimulatessearchinthisareamaturingandenteringtheregionof“dimin-thedevelopmentof“intel
4、ligent”toolsthatcanassistengineersishingreturns,”thetrendinpresentresearchanddevelopmenttoachievethebestoverallPIDcontrolfortheentireoperating(R&D)ofPIDtechnologyappearstobefocusedontheintegra-envelope.Thisdevelopmenthasfurtherledtotheincorporationtionofavailablemethodsintheformofsoftwaresoast
5、ogettheofsomeadvancedtuningalgorithmsintoPIDhardwaremodules.Correspondingtothesedevelopments,thispaperpresentsabestoutofPIDcontrol[21].Anumberofsoftware-basedtech-modernoverviewoffunctionalitiesandtuningmethodsinpatents,niqueshavealsobeenrealizedinhardwaremodulestoperformsoftwarepackagesandcom
6、mercialhardwaremodules.Itisseen“on-demandtuning,”whilethesearchstillgoesontofindthethatmanyPIDvariantshavebeendevelopedinordertoimprovenextkeytechnologyforPIDtuning[24].transientperformance,butstandardisingandmodularisingPIDThispaperendeavourstoprovideanoverviewonmoderncontrolaredesired,althoug
7、hchallenging.Theinclusionofsystemidentificationand“intelligent”techniquesinsoftwarebasedPIDPIDtechnologyincludingPIDsoftwarepackages,commercialsystemshelpsautomatetheentiredesignandtuningprocesstoPIDhardwaremodulesandpatentedPIDtuningrul
