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1、TheElectronicsEngineers'Handbook,5thEditionMcGraw-Hill,Section19,pp.19.1-19.30,2005.SECTION19CONTROLSYSTEMSControlisusedtomodifythebehaviorofasystemsoitbehavesinaspecificdesirablewayovertime.Forexample,wemaywantthespeedofacaronthehighwaytoremainascloseaspossibleto60milesperhourinsp
2、iteofpossiblehillsoradversewind;orwemaywantanaircrafttofollowadesiredaltitude,heading,andvelocityprofileindependentofwindgusts;orwemaywantthetemperatureandpressureinareactorvesselinachemicalprocessplanttobemaintainedatdesiredlevels.Allthesearebeingaccomplishedtodaybycontrolmethodsa
3、ndtheaboveareexamplesofwhatautomaticcontrolsystemsaredesignedtodo,withouthumanintervention.Controlisusedwheneverquantitiessuchasspeed,altitude,temperature,orvoltagemustbemadetobehaveinsomedesirablewayovertime.Thissectionprovidesanintroductiontocontrolsystemdesignmethods.P.A.,Z.G.In
4、ThisSection:CHAPTER19.1CONTROLSYSTEMDESIGN19.3INTRODUCTION19.3Proportional-Integral-DerivativeControl19.3TheRoleofControlTheory19.4MATHEMATICALDESCRIPTIONS19.4LinearDifferentialEquations19.4StateVariableDescriptions19.5TransferFunctions19.7FrequencyResponse19.9ANALYSISOFDYNAMICALBE
5、HAVIOR19.10SystemResponse,ModesandStability19.10ResponseofFirstandSecondOrderSystems19.11TransientResponsePerformanceSpecificationsforaSecondOrderUnderdampedSystem19.13EffectofAdditionalPolesandZeros19.14CLASSICALCONTROLDESIGNMETHODS19.14DesignSpecificationsandConstraints19.14Contr
6、olDesignStrategyOverview19.15EvaluationofControlSystem19.19DigitalImplementation19.20ALTERNATIVEDESIGNMETHODS19.21NonlinearPID19.21StateFeedbackandObserverBased-Design19.2219.2CHAPTER19.1CONTROLSYSTEMDESIGNPanusAntsaklis,ZhiqianyGaoINTRODUCTIONTogainsomeinsightintohowanautomaticcon
7、trolsystemoperatesweshallbrieflyexaminethespeedcon-trolmechanisminacar.Itisperhapsinstructivetoconsiderfirsthowatypicaldrivermaycontrolthecarspeedoveruneventer-rain.Thedriver,bycarefullyobservingthespeedometer,andappropriatelyincreasingordecreasingthefuelflowtotheengine,usingthegas
8、pedal,canmaintainthespeedq
