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1、∗ScalingInternetRoutersUsingOpticsIsaacKeslassy,Shang-TseChuang,KyoungsikYu,DavidMiller,MarkHorowitz,OlavSolgaard,NickMcKeownStanfordUniversityABSTRACT1.INTRODUCTIONANDMOTIVATIONRoutersbuiltaroundasingle-stagecrossbarandacentral-Thispaperismotivatedbytwoquestions:First,howizedschedulerdonotscal
2、e,and(inpractice)donotpro-canthecapacityofInternetroutersscaletokeepupwithvidethethroughputguaranteesthatnetworkoperatorsneedgrowthsinInternettraffic?Andsecond,canopticaltech-tomakeefficientuseoftheirexpensivelong-haullinks.Innologybeintroducedinsiderouterstohelpincreasetheirthispaperweconsiderhowo
3、pticscanbeusedtoscaleca-capacity?pacityandreducepowerinarouter.WestartwiththeBeforewetrytoanswerthesequestions,itisworthask-promisingload-balancedswitcharchitectureproposedbyC-ingifthequestionsarestillrelevant.Afterall,theInternetS.Chang.Thisapproacheliminatesthescheduler,isscal-iswidelyreporte
4、dtohaveaglutofcapacity,withaver-able,andguarantees100%throughputforabroadclassofagelinkutilizationbelow10%,andalargefractionofin-traffic.Butseveralproblemsneedtobesolvedtomakethisstalledbutunusedlinkcapacity[1].Theintroductionofarchitecturepractical:(1)Packetscanbemis-sequenced,newroutershasbeend
5、elayed,suggestingthatfasterrouters(2)Pathologicalperiodictrafficpatternscanmakethrough-arenotneededasurgentlyasweoncethought.putarbitrarilysmall,(3)ThearchitecturerequiresarapidlyWhileitisnotthegoalofthispapertoarguewhennewconfiguringswitchfabric,and(4)Itdoesnotworkwhenrouterswillbeneeded,wearguet
6、hatthecapacityofrouterslinecardsaremissingorhavefailed.Inthispaperwesolvemustcontinuetogrow.Theunderlyingdemandfornetworkeachprobleminturn,anddescribenewarchitecturesthatcapacity(measuredbytheamountofusertraffic)continuesincludeoursolutions.Wemotivateourworkbydesigningatodoubleeveryyear[2],andift
7、hiscontinues,willrequirean100Tb/spacket-switchedrouterarrangedas640linecards,increaseinroutercapacity.Otherwise,Internetproviderseachoperatingat160Gb/s.Wedescribetwodifferentim-mustdoublethenumberofroutersintheirnetworkeachplementa
